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What Is a CollectionThe collection is an ordered group of elements, all of similar type (for e.g. the grades for a class of students). Each element has a unique subscript which determines its position in the collection. The PL/SQL offers two collection types. The Items of type TABLE are either index-by tables or nested tables (that extend the functionality of the index-by tables). The Items of type VARRAY are varrays (short for the variable-size arrays).The Collections works like the arrays found in most of the third-generation programming languages. Though, collections can have only one dimension and should be indexed by the integers. (In few languages like Ada and Pascal, the arrays can have multiple dimensions and can be indexed by the enumeration types.)The Collections can store instances of an object type and, on the contrary, can be attributes of an object type. The collections can also be passed as parameters. Therefore, you can use them to move the columns of data into and out of the database tables or between client-side applications and stored subprograms. Moreover, you can define the collection types in a PL/SQL package, and then use them programmatically in your applications.
Example of Null operator - NiNo Rule If we wanted to make HIGHER_OF adhere to "NULL in, NULL out"-let's call it the NiNo rule-we would have to write something like what is sho
BEGIN Parameter Description in pl sql: BEGIN: This keyword signals the beginning of the executable section of a PL/SQL block, that contains executable statements. The execut
Fetching from a Cursor Variable The FETCH statement retrieve rows one at a time from the product set of a multi-row query. The syntax for the same is as shown: FETCH {curso
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
PRIMARY KEY: PRIMARY KEY indicates that the table is subject to a key constraint, in this case declaring that no two rows in the table assigned to ENROLMENT can ever have the
Selecting Objects: Suppose that you have run the SQL*Plus script below that creates object type Person and object table persons, and that you have settled the table: CREATE
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
Deleting Objects You can use the DELETE statement to eradicate objects from an object table. To eradicate objects selectively, you use the WHERE clause, as shown below: BEG
Type versus Representation Confusion in SQL This describes how a value might have two or more distinct representations. For example, user-defined type POINT might have a decla
Using EXCEPTION_INIT To handle unnamed internal exceptions, you should use the OTHERS handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT. The pragma is a compiler directive that can be th
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