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What Is a CollectionThe collection is an ordered group of elements, all of similar type (for e.g. the grades for a class of students). Each element has a unique subscript which determines its position in the collection. The PL/SQL offers two collection types. The Items of type TABLE are either index-by tables or nested tables (that extend the functionality of the index-by tables). The Items of type VARRAY are varrays (short for the variable-size arrays).The Collections works like the arrays found in most of the third-generation programming languages. Though, collections can have only one dimension and should be indexed by the integers. (In few languages like Ada and Pascal, the arrays can have multiple dimensions and can be indexed by the enumeration types.)The Collections can store instances of an object type and, on the contrary, can be attributes of an object type. The collections can also be passed as parameters. Therefore, you can use them to move the columns of data into and out of the database tables or between client-side applications and stored subprograms. Moreover, you can define the collection types in a PL/SQL package, and then use them programmatically in your applications.
SQL outer join SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED NATURAL LEFT JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON Note that adding LEFT to an invocation of CROSS JOIN has no effect unless the right-hand operand
Explicit Cursors The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns
Scope Rules You cannot declare an exception twice in the similar block. Though, you can, declare the similar exception in 2 different blocks. The Exceptions declared in a bloc
Variable Declaration - SQL SQL's support for variables is very similar to Tutorial D's, except that the syntax for creating persistent variables-base tables-is quite differen
Disjunction (OR, ∨) Again we have nine rows instead of just four and again, when unknown is not involved, the rows are as for 2VL. Also, when anything is paired with true, t
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement prepare (parses) and instantly executes a dynamic SQL statement or an anonymous PL/SQL block. Syntax:
Information Hiding With the information hiding, you see only the details that are significant at a given level of algorithm and data structure design. The Information hiding
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Using raise_application_error The Package DBMS_STANDARD that is supplied with Oracle gives language facilities that help your application to interact with Oracle. For illustra
Data Types in SQL - Integer INTEGER or synonymously INT, for integers within a certain range. SQL additionally has types SMALLINT and BIGINT for certain ranges of integers. T
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