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Variable Declaration - SQL
SQL's support for variables is very similar to Tutorial D's, except that the syntax for creating persistent variables-base tables-is quite different from that used to declare local variables. Example is SQL's counterpart of that example in the theory book but, as you know, CREATE TABLE is used for base tables.
Example: A Variable Declaration
DECLARE SN SID DEFAULT SID ('S1');
DECLARE in place of VAR and DEFAULT in place of INIT. The effect is exactly the same apart from the fact that, as already noted, SQL's type SID (here assumed to be a distinct type). The key word DEFAULT is perhaps a strange choice as that word normally suggests action to be taken by the system when no specific action is explicitly demanded by the user. Here it is used to state explicitly an immediate assignment to the variable being declared.
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
Predefined Exceptions The internal exception is raised implicitly whenever your PL/SQL program exceeds a system-dependent limit or violates an Oracle rule. Each & every Oracle
LEVEL You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a
Synonyms You can create the synonyms to provide location transparency for the remote schema objects like tables, views, sequences, stand-alone subprograms, and packages. Though,
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
UPDATE Command- SQL Loosely speaking, UPDATE changes some of the column values of some existing rows of its target table. Thus, although some rows disappear from the target an
Use of Table Expressions - Expressing Constraint Conditions With the exception of key constraints, the examples in the theory book all explicitly reference at least one relvar
OPEN-FOR Statement The OPEN-FOR statements execute the multi-row query related with a cursor variable. It also allocates the resources used by the Oracle to process the query a
Parameter & Keyword Description: function_name: The user-defined function is identifying by that keyword. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter that
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
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