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Transaction Control
The Oracle is transaction oriented; that is, Oracle uses the transactions to make sure the data integrity. The transaction is a sequence of SQL data manipulation statements that does a logical unit of work. For illustration, the two UPDATE statements might credit one bank account and debit another.
At the same time, the Oracle makes permanent or undoes all the database changes made by a transaction. If your program fails in the middle of the transaction, the Oracle detects the error and rolls back the transaction. Therefore, the database is restored to its previous state automatically.
You use the ROLLBACK, COMMIT, SAVEPOINT, & SET TRANSACTION commands to control the transactions. The COMMIT makes everlasting and any database changes made during the present transaction. The ROLLBACK ends the present transaction and undoes any changes made as the transaction began. The SAVEPOINT marks the present point in the processing of a transaction. Used with the ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT undoes part of a transaction. The SET TRANSACTION sets the transaction properties like the read/write access and isolation level.
Boolean Values Only the values TRUE, FALSE, & NULL can be assigned to a Boolean variable. For illustration, given the declaration DECLARE done BOOLEAN; the following statements
Overloading: Similar to packaged subprograms, methods of the same type can be overloaded. That is, you can use similar name for various methods if their formal parameters diff
INSERT Statement The INSERT statement adds fresh rows of data to the specified database table or view. Syntax:
Data Types in SQL - XML, Array, Row BINARY LARGE OBJECT for arbitrarily large bit strings. XML for XML documents and fragments. ARRAY types for arrays.
Question 1 . Compare SQL and PL/SQL Question 2 . Write a database trigger to implement the following check condition Given the following table
FORALL Statement The FORALL statements instruct the PL/SQL engine to bulk-bind the input collections before sending them to the SQL engine. Though the FORALL statement consists
Name Resolution During the compilation, the PL/SQL compiler relates identifiers like the name of a variable with an address or memory location, actual value, or datatype. Th
Demonstrate your knowledge of PL/SQL programming by writing and thoroughly testing triggers and stored procedures associated with an e-commerce application that provides security l
Effects of NULL The numeric variable X, perhaps of type INTEGER, might be assigned NULL. In that case the result of evaluating X + 1 is NULL, and so SET Y = X + 1 assigns NULL
Pl/sql Conditional Control: IF statements Frequently, it is necessary to take the alternative actions depending on the circumstances. The IF statement execute a series of statem
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