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Transaction Control
The Oracle is transaction oriented; that is, Oracle uses the transactions to make sure the data integrity. The transaction is a sequence of SQL data manipulation statements that does a logical unit of work. For illustration, the two UPDATE statements might credit one bank account and debit another.
At the same time, the Oracle makes permanent or undoes all the database changes made by a transaction. If your program fails in the middle of the transaction, the Oracle detects the error and rolls back the transaction. Therefore, the database is restored to its previous state automatically.
You use the ROLLBACK, COMMIT, SAVEPOINT, & SET TRANSACTION commands to control the transactions. The COMMIT makes everlasting and any database changes made during the present transaction. The ROLLBACK ends the present transaction and undoes any changes made as the transaction began. The SAVEPOINT marks the present point in the processing of a transaction. Used with the ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT undoes part of a transaction. The SET TRANSACTION sets the transaction properties like the read/write access and isolation level.
UPDATE Statement The UPDATE statement transforms the values of the specified columns in one or more rows in the table or view. Syntax:
Using COUNT The COUNT returns the number of elements that a collection presently contains. For instance, when a varray projects contains 15 elements, then the following IF con
Using INNER JOIN INNER JOIN is used to retrieve the data from all tables listed based on a condition of equality listed after keyword ON. If the condition is not meet, rows ar
Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the block. The PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords BEGIN, DECLARE, EXCEPTION, and END. These keywords partition the b
Create a procedure named DDPROJ_SP that retrieves project information for a specific project based on a project ID. The procedure should have two parameters: one to accept a projec
Short-Circuit Evaluation When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops computing the expression as soon as the result
Left and Right Joins LEFT OUTER JOIN can be used when you want to retrieve the data from the main table (table1) even if there is no match in other tables (table_2, table_3...
Using SAVEPOINT The SAVEPOINT names and marks the present point in the processing of a transaction. Used with the ROLLBACK TO statement, the savepoints undo parts of a transac
what is the use of declare keyword
Identifiers You use identifiers to name the PL/SQL program items and units that include constants, variables, cursors, exceptions, cursor variables, subprograms, and packages.
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