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Use the RETURNING Clause
Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent action. The INSERT, UPDATE, & DELETE statements can involve a RETURNING clause that returns column values from the affected row into the PL/SQL variables or host variables. This removes the requirement to SELECT the row after an insert or update, or before a delete. As a result, less network round trips, less server CPU time, smaller number of cursors, and less server memory are needed.
In the illustration below, you update the salary of an employee and at similar time retrieve the employee's name and new salary into the PL/SQL variables.
PROCEDURE update_salary (emp_id NUMBER) IS
name VARCHAR2(15);
new_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = emp_id
RETURNING ename, sal INTO name, new_sal;
Order of Evaluation When you do not use the parentheses to specify the order of evaluation, the operator precedence determine the order. Now compare the expressions below: NOT
Name Resolution During the compilation, the PL/SQL compiler relates identifiers like the name of a variable with an address or memory location, actual value, or datatype. Th
Example of Check Constraints Example: Workaround for when subqueries not permitted in CHECK constraints CREATE FUNCTION NO_MORE_THAN_20000_ENROLMENTS ( ) RETURNS BOOLEAN
query to Find the account numbers of all customers whose balance is more than 10,000 $
Updating Tables in SQL The topic of updating by describing the assignment operator, ":=" in Tutorial D. SQL uses a different syntax for assignment, using the key word SET and
Assignment Source Not a Literal - Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID (SUBSTRING (SN.C FROM 1 FOR 1)||'5');
Records Records are the items of the type RECORD. The Records have exclusively named fields that can store the data values of various types. And hence, a record treat associate
Architecture The PL/SQL run-time system and compilation is a technology, not an independent product. Consider this technology as an engine that compiles and executes the PL/SQL
Committing and Rolling Back The COMMIT and ROLLBACK end the active autonomous transaction but do not exit the autonomous routine. As the figure shows, if one transaction ends,
Initializing Objects: Till you initialize an object by calling the constructor for its object type, the object is automatically null. That is, the object itself is null, not me
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