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Use the RETURNING Clause
Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent action. The INSERT, UPDATE, & DELETE statements can involve a RETURNING clause that returns column values from the affected row into the PL/SQL variables or host variables. This removes the requirement to SELECT the row after an insert or update, or before a delete. As a result, less network round trips, less server CPU time, smaller number of cursors, and less server memory are needed.
In the illustration below, you update the salary of an employee and at similar time retrieve the employee's name and new salary into the PL/SQL variables.
PROCEDURE update_salary (emp_id NUMBER) IS
name VARCHAR2(15);
new_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = emp_id
RETURNING ename, sal INTO name, new_sal;
Implicit Rollbacks Before execute the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, the Oracle marks an implicit savepoint . When the statement fails, the Oracle rolls back to the save
Data Types in SQL - Interval, Boolean INTERVAL for values denoting, not intervals (!) but durations in time, such as 5 years, 3 days, 2 minutes, and so on. BOOLEAN, con
Packaging Cursors You can split a cursor specification from its body for placement in a package. In that way, you can change the cursor body without changing the cursor spec
Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable points to the current row in the result set of a multi-row query. But, dissimilar a cursor, a cursor variable can be opene
FETCH Statement The FETCH statement retrieve rows of data one at a time from the result set of the multi-row query. The data is stored in fields or variables which correspond t
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
DBMS: The answer to this question is of course given in of the theory book. This book is concerned with SQL DBMSs and SQL databases in particular. Soon we will be looking a
%ROWCOUNT The %ROWCOUNT yields the number of rows affected by the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, or returned by a SELECT INTO statement. The %ROWCOUNT yields zero when a
Package STANDARD package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available a
Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES: The function called from the SQL statements should obey certain rules meant to control the side effects. To check for violation of the rules,
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