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Use the RETURNING Clause
Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent action. The INSERT, UPDATE, & DELETE statements can involve a RETURNING clause that returns column values from the affected row into the PL/SQL variables or host variables. This removes the requirement to SELECT the row after an insert or update, or before a delete. As a result, less network round trips, less server CPU time, smaller number of cursors, and less server memory are needed.
In the illustration below, you update the salary of an employee and at similar time retrieve the employee's name and new salary into the PL/SQL variables.
PROCEDURE update_salary (emp_id NUMBER) IS
name VARCHAR2(15);
new_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = emp_id
RETURNING ename, sal INTO name, new_sal;
LOB Types The large object (LOB) datatypes like BFILE, BLOB, CLOB, and NCLOB store the blocks of unstructured data (like graphic images, text, video clips, and sound waveforms)
Effects of NULL Operator As a general rule-but not a universal one-if NULL is an argument to an invocation of a system-defined read-only operator, then NULL is the result of t
Keyword and Parameter Description select_statement: This is a query which returns a result set of the rows. Its syntax is such that of select_ into_statement without the IN
Table Comparison - SQL The following definitions for relation comparisons: Let r1 and r2 be relations having the same heading. Then: r1 ⊆ r2 is true if every tuple of r1
SQLs counterpart of the key words: The text from the opening parenthesis to the end of the fourth line specifies the declared type of the table, meaning that every table ever
%ISOPEN The %ISOPEN yields TRUE if its cursor or cursor variable is open; or else, the %ISOPEN yields FALSE. In the illustration, you use the %ISOPEN to select an action:
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
Product-specific Packages The Oracle and different Oracle tools are supplied with the product-specific packages which help you to build the PL/SQL-based applications. For illus
Main features of PL/SQL A good way to get familiar with PL/SQL is to look at a sample program. The below program processes an order for tennis rackets. At first, it declares a
What Is a Package? The package is a schema object that group logically related PL/SQL items, types, and subprograms. The Packages usually have 2 parts, a specification & a bo
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