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Explicit Cursors
The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns a multiple row, you can explicitly declare the cursor to process the rows. Furthermore, you can declare a cursor in the declarative part of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package.
You use 3 commands to control the cursor: OPEN, FETCH, & CLOSE. At First, you initialize the cursor with the OPEN statement that identifies the result set. Then, you use the FETCH statement to recover the first row. You can execute FETCH frequently until all rows have been retrieved. When the final row has been processed, you discharge the cursor with the CLOSE statement. You can process few queries in parallel by declaring and opening the multiple cursors.
Operator Precedence The operations within an expression are completed in a particular order depending on their precedence (priority). The table shows the default order of the op
Example of EXCEPT Operator - SQL Example, like its counterpart in the theory book, illustrates the convenience of allowing any table expression to be the source for an INSERT
Implicit Rollbacks Before execute the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, the Oracle marks an implicit savepoint . When the statement fails, the Oracle rolls back to the save
Initializing Objects: Till you initialize an object by calling the constructor for its object type, the object is automatically null. That is, the object itself is null, not me
Fetching from a Cursor Variable The FETCH statement retrieve rows one at a time from the product set of a multi-row query. The syntax for the same is as shown: FETCH {curso
Using %ROWTYPE The %ROWTYPE attribute gives a record type which represents a row in a table (or view). The record can store the whole row of data selected from the table or fetc
Table Literals - SQL One might expect SQL to support table literals in the manner illustrated in Example 2.2, but in fact that is not a legal SQL expression. Example: Not a
Updating Objects: To change the attributes of objects in an object table, you can use the UPDATE statement, as the illustration below shows: BEGIN UPDATE persons p SET p
Naming Conventions The similar naming conventions apply to all PL/SQL program items and units including the variables, cursors, constants, cursor variables, procedures, exception
Keyword & Parameter Description: WHEN: This keyword introduces the exception handler. You can have many exceptions execute the similar sequence of the statements by follo
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