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Selection of file Organization:
While designing a file, the programmer should select an appropriate association for a file. The order in which the choice is to be made is as shown below:
(i) Implementation support difficulty.
(ii) Software support required.
(iii) Efficiency of processing.
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files: The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below: SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
Environment Division: The Environment Division is the second division in the COBOL source program. It is mainly machine-dependent . The computer and all the peripheral dev
MULTIPLY VERB: The Multiply Verb causes one or more multiplicands to be multiplied by the multiplier and to store the products. The form of the MULTIPLY verb is as shown be
Example of constructing an arithmetic expression: An arithmetic expression may be proceeded by a + or - sign. These operations are known as unary + or unary - operators. Il
Illustration of Multiply verb: (a) MULTIPLY A BY B. In this situation the value of A & B will be multiplied and the product will be stored in B. The decimal point locatio
Example of Nested if statement: Illustration: Consider the following sentence The nested IF sentence holds two IFs and one ELSE. The IF-ELSE couple has been marke
FILLER CLAUSE: Consider the statements as shown below: 1) 01 f pic x(80) value all "-". This statement origins a line of 80 characters filled with "-"
OPEN STATEMENT: Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With
READ STATEMENT: The aim of this verb is to make available the next logical record from the input file. It is important to note the meaning of the "next" logical record in the
Examples - Edit characters for numeric data: The following illustration illustrates the use of Z editing characters. The character b is used to indicate the space character an
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