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Selection of file Organization:
While designing a file, the programmer should select an appropriate association for a file. The order in which the choice is to be made is as shown below:
(i) Implementation support difficulty.
(ii) Software support required.
(iii) Efficiency of processing.
READ STATEMENT: The aim of this verb is to make available the next logical record from the input file. It is important to note the meaning of the "next" logical record in the
Environment Division: The Environment Division is the second division in the COBOL source program. It is mainly machine-dependent . The computer and all the peripheral dev
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files: The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the re
SEQUENTIAL FILES WITH THE VARIABLE-LENGTH RECORDS: The Magnetic - tape or disk files can hold variable-length records. In this situation the file can have records with various
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
Example of Perform statement: PERFORM BEGIN-CALCULATION THRU END-CALCULATION. Assume, BEGIN-CALCULATION and END-CALCULTION is paragraph names. The execution of the PERFORM
Examples - Edit characters for numeric data: The following illustration illustrates the use of Z editing characters. The character b is used to indicate the space character an
PROGRAM FOR IF -ELSE: We have to write a program to check whether the given number is ODD or EVEN. You can use IF..ELSE. Identification division. Program- id. IfElse.
RULES OF RENAMES CLAUSE: The rules below should be observed while using the RENAMES clause: (i) All RENAMES entries should be written only after the last record descript
SIGN CONDITION: The sign condition establishes whether or not the algebraic value of an operand is negative, positive or zero. The operand can be either the numeric identif
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