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Selection of file Organization:
While designing a file, the programmer should select an appropriate association for a file. The order in which the choice is to be made is as shown below:
(i) Implementation support difficulty.
(ii) Software support required.
(iii) Efficiency of processing.
FILE-CONTROL ENTRIES FOR THE SEQUENTIAL FILES: The characteristics of each and every files handled in a program are specified in the ENVIRONMENT DIVISION and DATA DIVISION.
Example of Open statement: Illustration: The OPEN INPUT TRANSACTION, OLD-MASTER OUTPUT NEW-MASTER. The illustration represents that there are two input files named the
B (Blank Insertion) : The occurrence of a B anyplace in the picture will insert a space character in the edited data. There can be more than one B in the picture. Examples:
ON SIZE ERROR OPTION: Whenever a size error occurs, the contents of the result field after the operation is unpredictable. Though, the processing is not-terminated and the co
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
RULES FOR OCCURS CLAUSE: The rules apply for the OCCURS clause and the subscripts are as shown below. (1) The integer in the OCCURS clause should be a positive integer.
PERFORM STATEMENT: The PERFORM statement can be used to execute the group of consecutive statements written elsewhere in the program. We refer to this group of statements a
PROGRAM FOR ADD VERB: We have to write a simple program to elaborate the ADD verb. You can also use edit characters in the program. Identification division. Program- id.
Data Division: The Data Division is a part of the COBOL program where every data item processed by the program is described. It is very important to note that unless a data
WRITE STATEMENT: The records are written to be logical place as determined from the value of the record key. The INVALID KEY condition occurs in the cases shown below: (i)
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