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RULES OF RENAMES CLAUSE:
The rules below should be observed while using the RENAMES clause:
(i) All RENAMES entries should be written only after the last record description entry.
(ii) The RENAMES clause should be used only with the special level number 66. The level number starts in margin A or any place after it. The Data-name-1 should start from margin B or any position after it. There should be at least one space between the level number and data-name-1.
(iii) The Data-name-2 and data-name-3 can be the names of an elementary items or group items. They, though, cannot be items of the level 01, 66, 77 or 88.
(iv) The Data-name-1 might not be used as the qualifier. It can be qualified only by the name of the record within which it is defined.
(v) Neither data-name-2 nor the data-name-3 can have an OCCURS clause in its neither description entry, nor can they be subordinate to an item which has an OCCURS clause in its data description entry.
(vi) The Data-name-3, if mentioned, should follow data-name-2, in the record and should not be one of its subfields.
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
we have input file ,record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input file
Example of Redefines clause: This illustration describes a sales record that may either contain the total amount of sale or the quantity (QTY) and UNIT-PRICE. The aim of such
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
PERFORM WITH VARYING OPTION: The format is as shown below:
Example of Open statement: Illustration: The OPEN INPUT TRANSACTION, OLD-MASTER OUTPUT NEW-MASTER. The illustration represents that there are two input files named the
Format for COBOL Programs: The COBOL is a high-level language. Therefore, a COBOL program can be executed on a computer for which a COBOL compiler exists. The compiler transla
Non numeric: The nonnumeric literal is used in normal to output messages or headings. The Characters which are enclosed between " " constitute nonnumeric literal. The maximum
UPDATING OF THE RELATIVE AND INDEXED FILES: The Sequential files are updated by creating a new master file from an existing old master file and a transaction file. Such an Upda
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
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