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RULES OF RENAMES CLAUSE:
The rules below should be observed while using the RENAMES clause:
(i) All RENAMES entries should be written only after the last record description entry.
(ii) The RENAMES clause should be used only with the special level number 66. The level number starts in margin A or any place after it. The Data-name-1 should start from margin B or any position after it. There should be at least one space between the level number and data-name-1.
(iii) The Data-name-2 and data-name-3 can be the names of an elementary items or group items. They, though, cannot be items of the level 01, 66, 77 or 88.
(iv) The Data-name-1 might not be used as the qualifier. It can be qualified only by the name of the record within which it is defined.
(v) Neither data-name-2 nor the data-name-3 can have an OCCURS clause in its neither description entry, nor can they be subordinate to an item which has an OCCURS clause in its data description entry.
(vi) The Data-name-3, if mentioned, should follow data-name-2, in the record and should not be one of its subfields.
REWRITE statement: The REWRITE statement is used to update the existing record in a disk file. The normal format is as shown below: REWRIE record-name [ FROM ide
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SIGN CONDITION: The sign condition establishes whether or not the algebraic value of an operand is negative, positive or zero. The operand can be either the numeric identif
BLOCK CONTAINS CLAUSE: Integer -1 of the BLOCK CONTAINS clause indicates the block size either in terms of records or in terms of characters. For illustration, BLOCK CONTAINS
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Example of Write statement: Illustration: (i) WRITE TRANS-RECORD AFTER ADVANCING 3 LINES. This WRITE statement specified that the TRANS-RECORD is a record name of a fi
Common form of the READ statements: Format 1 is the common form of the READ statements. Format 2 is used when the access mode is either random or dynamic. For illustration,
Example of Level numbers - cobol programming: To explain the hierarchical structure introduced above, the concept of the level number is employed in COBOL. The most broad
PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE MERGE VERB: The two files for which a record having 2 fields viz. Account Number and Name are already available. Now Merge these two files and create a
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