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RULES OF RENAMES CLAUSE:
The rules below should be observed while using the RENAMES clause:
(i) All RENAMES entries should be written only after the last record description entry.
(ii) The RENAMES clause should be used only with the special level number 66. The level number starts in margin A or any place after it. The Data-name-1 should start from margin B or any position after it. There should be at least one space between the level number and data-name-1.
(iii) The Data-name-2 and data-name-3 can be the names of an elementary items or group items. They, though, cannot be items of the level 01, 66, 77 or 88.
(iv) The Data-name-1 might not be used as the qualifier. It can be qualified only by the name of the record within which it is defined.
(v) Neither data-name-2 nor the data-name-3 can have an OCCURS clause in its neither description entry, nor can they be subordinate to an item which has an OCCURS clause in its data description entry.
(vi) The Data-name-3, if mentioned, should follow data-name-2, in the record and should not be one of its subfields.
FILE-CONTROL ENTRIES FOR THE SEQUENTIAL FILES: The characteristics of each and every files handled in a program are specified in the ENVIRONMENT DIVISION and DATA DIVISION.
Direct Organization: Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organizati
Example of File-control: The assign clause assigns a specific physical peripheral device name to a file. The physical peripheral device are machine-dependent. We use the devic
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files: The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the re
Block Size: The normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record. The number of records in a block is frequen
RELATIVE FILES: The Files that are stored on a direct access storage medium like magnetic disk are frequently known as direct access files. The COBOL supports three different
Example of If- else statement Illustration: IF QUANTITY IS NUMERIC AND QUANTITY IS POSITIVE MOVE ZERO TO ERROR-CODE. COMPUTE SALES VALUE=QUANTITY*RATE
Rules of read statements: The next record is identified according to the rules as shown below: (i) Whenever the READ NEXT statement is the initial statement to be executed
Configuration Section: This section holds an overall specification of the computer used for the purpose of the compilation and execution of the program. There are in all 3 par
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
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