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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the indexed files:
All the statements which are available for a relative file are also available for an indexed file.
READ STTATEMENT :
When either the RANDOM or DYNAMIC access mode is specified or the records are to be read in a random manner, the syntax is as shown below:
READ file-name RECORD [ INTO IDENTIFIER ]
[ ; KEY IS data-name ]
[ ; INVALID KEY imperative-statement ]
The data name in the KEY IS phrase should be either the prime key or the alternative key item. If the phrase is not specified, then the prime key is supposed. Let consider PERSONNEL be an indexed file and let EMP-NO be the prime key and NAME be the alternative key.
Data types available in COBOL are given below Alpha-numeric (X), numeric (9), alphabetic (A)
Column and Field in COBOL program: In COBOL there are 2 types of entries termed as margin A and margin B entries. The Margin A entries start from the column 8, 9, 10 or 11 and
There are some restrictions when these procedures are used. (i) The Procedure should not contain any SORT/MERGE statement. (ii) An explicit transfer of the control outside
Literals: The actual values can too appear in a program. These values are termed as literals. For illustration, the statement MOVE 0 TO TOTAL indicates that the value zero wil
Example of Class condition: Let the BASIC-PAY be a data name in the card record defined with picture 9(5) V99. By reading the card we can test the value of the BASIC-PAY to ma
Introduction to MOVE Verb: The aim of this section is to introduce the learner how to move data from one place to the other place in the memory. This is completed with the help
PROGRAM USING OCCURS CLAUSE: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Occurs Clause. Get the employee details for 3 persons and compute the total salary. identifica
Example of If- else statement Illustration: IF QUANTITY IS NUMERIC AND QUANTITY IS POSITIVE MOVE ZERO TO ERROR-CODE. COMPUTE SALES VALUE=QUANTITY*RATE
PROGRAM FOR RENAMES CLAUSE: identification division. program- id. environment division. data division. working-storage section. 01 emp. 02 empdet.
Direct Organization: Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organizati
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