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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the indexed files:
All the statements which are available for a relative file are also available for an indexed file.
READ STTATEMENT :
When either the RANDOM or DYNAMIC access mode is specified or the records are to be read in a random manner, the syntax is as shown below:
READ file-name RECORD [ INTO IDENTIFIER ]
[ ; KEY IS data-name ]
[ ; INVALID KEY imperative-statement ]
The data name in the KEY IS phrase should be either the prime key or the alternative key item. If the phrase is not specified, then the prime key is supposed. Let consider PERSONNEL be an indexed file and let EMP-NO be the prime key and NAME be the alternative key.
RELATIONAL CONDITION: We know that a relational condition specifies a comparison between two operands and has the form. Operand-1 relational-operator operand-2
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the relative files: The normal format for the SELECT clause for a relative file is as shown below. SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor-nam
DELETE STATEMENT : The file should be opened in the I-O mode. If the access is SEQUENTIAL, the INVALID KEY phrase must be specified. Rather than, the last input-output state
PROGRAM USING OCCURS CLAUSE: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Occurs Clause. Get the employee details for 3 persons and compute the total salary. identifica
Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression: The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below: (i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calcu
Record Description for the Variable-length Records: When the variable- length records consists of records of various lengths, each record type is to be explained at level 01 f
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
OPEN STATEMENT: Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With
PROGRAM FOR RENAMES CLAUSE: identification division. program- id. environment division. data division. working-storage section. 01 emp. 02 empdet.
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