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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the indexed files:
All the statements which are available for a relative file are also available for an indexed file.
READ STTATEMENT :
When either the RANDOM or DYNAMIC access mode is specified or the records are to be read in a random manner, the syntax is as shown below:
READ file-name RECORD [ INTO IDENTIFIER ]
[ ; KEY IS data-name ]
[ ; INVALID KEY imperative-statement ]
The data name in the KEY IS phrase should be either the prime key or the alternative key item. If the phrase is not specified, then the prime key is supposed. Let consider PERSONNEL be an indexed file and let EMP-NO be the prime key and NAME be the alternative key.
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
calculate simple interest
Plus Sign - edit characters for numeric data: + (Plus Sign) : A plus sign is alike to minus sign except that when the item is positive, +sign will be inserted rather th
PROGRAM FOR DIVIDE VERB: We have to write an easy program to elaborate DIVIDE verb. You can also use edit characters in the program. Identification division. Program-
Floating Insertion The currency symbol ($) can emerge in multiples on the left-hand side of the picture. In this situation the character will be treated in similar way as t
PROGRAM FOR CONDITION NAMES: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Condition names usage. identification division. program- id. environment division.
Comparison of Nonnumeric Operands: A nonnumeric operand can be compared to the other nonnumeric operand according to the rules as shown below: (i) Fields of Equal Sizes:
Block Size: The normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record. The number of records in a block is frequen
Configuration Section: This section holds an overall specification of the computer used for the purpose of the compilation and execution of the program. There are in all 3 par
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