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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the indexed files:
All the statements which are available for a relative file are also available for an indexed file.
READ STTATEMENT :
When either the RANDOM or DYNAMIC access mode is specified or the records are to be read in a random manner, the syntax is as shown below:
READ file-name RECORD [ INTO IDENTIFIER ]
[ ; KEY IS data-name ]
[ ; INVALID KEY imperative-statement ]
The data name in the KEY IS phrase should be either the prime key or the alternative key item. If the phrase is not specified, then the prime key is supposed. Let consider PERSONNEL be an indexed file and let EMP-NO be the prime key and NAME be the alternative key.
COMPOUND CONDITION: The two simple conditions can be connected by the logical operators AND or OR to form a compound condition (also termed as combined condition). When two co
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM ...UNTIL We have to write a program to find the sum of "n" natural numbers. Identification division. Program- id. PerfUntil. Environment division.
Example of Write statement: Illustration: (i) WRITE TRANS-RECORD AFTER ADVANCING 3 LINES. This WRITE statement specified that the TRANS-RECORD is a record name of a fi
OCCURS CLAUSE - PROGRAM: We have to write a program to demonstrate the occurs clause. Get names of the students and show them on the screen. identification division.
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
FILE DESCRIPTION- FIXED-LENGTH RECORDS: The normal characteristics of a file are explained in the file description (FD) entry of the DATA DIVISION.
SPECIAL-NAMES: This paragraph is used to associate some hardware names to the user-specified mnemonic names. This paragraph is elective in all compilers. The format of this pa
RELATIONAL CONDITION: We know that a relational condition specifies a comparison between two operands and has the form. Operand-1 relational-operator operand-2
Illustration of perform statement: PERFORM CALCUALTE-TAX. In this illustration, the CALCULATE-TAX is either a section name or paragraph name. Assume that it is a section
Numeric - Literals : The numeric literal can be created with the help of digits only. It can have a sign (+ or -) and can also have a decimal point. If no sign is specifi
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