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LEVEL NUMBERS:
The COBOL makes use of the level number concept to explain the hierarchical data structure.
A level number is a 2 digit number. The permitted level numbers are 01 - 49, 66, 77 and 88.
All the variables are declared in the working-storage section by using appropriate level numbers.
The elementary data item can acquire either 01 or 77 as its level number. In the COBOL a division is made between the elementary and group data items. A few elementary data may be joint to form a group.
For illustration, the DAY, MONTH & YEAR may be 3 elementary data items. These may be joint to form a group data named DATE. The association may be shown pictorially as shown below:
It may be noted that the memory space referred to by the DATE is the combined memory space for DAY, MONTH &YEAR. The benefits of such a grouping are very clear. The programmer can now refer to the individual elementary items DAY, MONTH, YEAR or the group item DATE. An elementary data item is however the one which the programmer would always like to refer to as an entire and not in parts.
Illustration of if- else statement: IF OK-BALANCE NEXT SENTENCE ELSE MOVE 2 BALANCE-CODE In this illustration, the OK-BALANCE is a condition name. No action is specific if
Column and Field in COBOL program: In COBOL there are 2 types of entries termed as margin A and margin B entries. The Margin A entries start from the column 8, 9, 10 or 11 and
can we move spaces to numeric field
Illustration of Perform with varying option: A) Perform para-3 varying the k from 1 by 1 until k > 10. Here para-3 will be constantly executed 10 times (For k=1,2,3, .....1
FILE-CONTROL: The FILE-CONTROL paragraph names each and every file and identifies the first medium through file control entries. The basic format of a file control entry is gi
FILLER CLAUSE: Consider the statements as shown below: 1) 01 f pic x(80) value all "-". This statement origins a line of 80 characters filled with "-"
ROUNDED OPTION: Let us consider the DATA DIVISION entries which are as shown below: Now, subsequent to the execution of the statement ADD A B GIVING C, the C will hold
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
Illustration of perform statement: PERFORM CALCUALTE-TAX. In this illustration, the CALCULATE-TAX is either a section name or paragraph name. Assume that it is a section
SUBTRACT VERB: The SUBTRACT verb is used to subtract one, or the sum of two or more numbers from one or more numbers and to store the result. The form of the SUBTRACT verb
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