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Example of Special-names:
Consider the illustration: Let the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph be as shown:
SPECIAL-NAMES. CHANNEL 1 IS PAGE-TOP.
The Channel is related with the top of the page. Whereas instructing the computer to write a line on the line printer, the programmer may like to state that the line should be printed as the first line on a new page. This may be completed by involving the ADVANCE TO CHANNEL 1 clause in the write statement. The aim of the special name clause illustrated above is to enable the programmer to substitute CHANNEL 1 by PAGE-TOP in the ADVANCING clause. The idea is to give better documentation. If one favors to use CHANNEL 1 in the write statement, then the special name entry is not needed.
Minus sign - edit characters for numeric data: The minus sign can appear either at the leftmost or rightmost location of the picture. If an item is negative, a minus sign will
CLOSE statement: The simplified syntax of the CLOSE statement is as shown below: CLOSE file-name-1 [WITH LOCK ] [ , file-
Structure of a COBOL Program: Every COBOL program should have the 4 divisions in the order in which they are specified below: 1. Identification division 2. Environment D
B (Blank Insertion) : The occurrence of a B anyplace in the picture will insert a space character in the edited data. There can be more than one B in the picture. Examples:
RENAMES CLAUSE: At times re-grouping of an elementary data items in a record may be essential so that they can belong to the original as well as to the latest group. This is o
RESERVE clause: This clause indicates the number of buffers to be used for the file. Integer-1 specifies this number. ORGANIZATION/ACCESS clause: These two clause
Concept of a two-dimensional table: Concept of a two-dimensional table can be easily extended to tables having three or more dimensions. The Handling of tables up to three dim
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
scope of marginal costing
Block Size: The normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record. The number of records in a block is frequen
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