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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Examples - Edit characters for numeric data: The following illustration illustrates the use of Z editing characters. The character b is used to indicate the space character an
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
CR and DB (Credit and Debit Sign): The two characters that is CR or DB symbol may appear only at the rightmost place of the picture. They are similar to the minus sign edit ch
ADD and SUBTRACT CORRESPONDING: The CORRESPONDING option can also used with the ADD and SUBTRACT verbs. The following are some of the formats of these verbs with the CORRESPON
SEQUENTIAL FILES WITH THE VARIABLE-LENGTH RECORDS: The Magnetic - tape or disk files can hold variable-length records. In this situation the file can have records with various
INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES: In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In
Example of If- else statement Illustration: IF QUANTITY IS NUMERIC AND QUANTITY IS POSITIVE MOVE ZERO TO ERROR-CODE. COMPUTE SALES VALUE=QUANTITY*RATE
GO TO, STOP RUN: The GO TO verb is used to completely transfer the control to elsewhere in the program. Its form is as shown below: GO TO procedure-name As a result o
Example of constructing an arithmetic expression: An arithmetic expression may be proceeded by a + or - sign. These operations are known as unary + or unary - operators. Il
Second form of Divide verb: The second form of this verb is as shown below: In this situation the identifier-1 or numeric- literal-1 will be divided by identifier-2 or
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