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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Examples - Edit characters for numeric data: The following illustration illustrates the use of Z editing characters. The character b is used to indicate the space character an
File Activity: The file activity is a measure of the proportion of records processed during an update run. Therefore we define the activity ration as shown below. Activi
BLANK WHEN ZERO: BLANK WHEN ZERO is an editing clause that may be used along with a picture. This will set the whole data item to blanks of its value is equal to zero. Though,
CLOSE statement: The simplified syntax of the CLOSE statement is as shown below: CLOSE file-name-1 [WITH LOCK ] [ , file-
Minus sign - edit characters for numeric data: The minus sign can appear either at the leftmost or rightmost location of the picture. If an item is negative, a minus sign will
Example of Perform statement: PERFORM BEGIN-CALCULATION THRU END-CALCULATION. Assume, BEGIN-CALCULATION and END-CALCULTION is paragraph names. The execution of the PERFORM
Configuration Section: This section holds an overall specification of the computer used for the purpose of the compilation and execution of the program. There are in all 3 par
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM ...UNTIL We have to write a program to find the sum of "n" natural numbers. Identification division. Program- id. PerfUntil. Environment division.
Comparison of the Numeric Operand with Nonnumeric Operand: The numeric operand can be compared to the nonnumeric operand subject to the restrictions which are as follows.
program
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