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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
DECLARATIVE and FILE STATUS Clause: The input-output exception condition in the situation of a direct access files can be handled by a declarative procedure in a manner simila
BLANK WHEN ZERO: BLANK WHEN ZERO is an editing clause that may be used along with a picture. This will set the whole data item to blanks of its value is equal to zero. Though,
Abbreviation: The Consecutive relational conditions in a compound condition can be abbreviated in many cases as shown: (i) When the subjects in the consecutive relational c
Example of read statement: Illustration: READ OLD-MASTER AT END MOVE ZERO TO END-OF-RECORDS. As a result of this statement, generally the next record from the OLD-MAST
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
PROGRAM FOR INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILE CREATION (RANDOM MODE): We have to write a program to create an Indexed Sequential File in random mode for Student particulars. Suppose jus
PERFORM WITH TIMES OPTION: The format of a PERFORM TIMES statement is as shown below: Illustration: A) Perform the para-2 5 times. In this situation the specifie
CONDITION - COBOL Programming: The condition is an entity which at one point of time can have only one of the two values - true or false. As we already know that, the IF verb
PROGRAM FOR INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILE CREATION: We have to write a program to create an Indexed Sequential File in a dynamic mode for Student particulars. Suppose just 3 fields:
PROGRAM FOR ADD VERB: We have to write a simple program to elaborate the ADD verb. You can also use edit characters in the program. Identification division. Program- id.
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