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Oxygen is a major component of all living organisms. All the organisms and plants required oxygen for aerobic respiration which they absorb from environment. Only plants release oxygen into environment during photosynthesis. Earth atmosphere contains 20.99% of O2.
Thus oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs- The biosphere (living) the atmosphere (air) and the lithosphere (earth crust). This cycle includes:
(i) The main driving factor for oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for modern earth's atmosphere and life. This process produces oxygen and sugar by utilizing CO2 and water in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
Sunlight
6CO2+6H2O C6H12O6+6O2
(ii) Oxygen also enters into atmosphere by process of photolysis in which high energy U.V radiations breaks down atmosphere water and nitrous oxide back into its component atoms.
U.Vrays
2H2O 4H+O2
U.V.rays
(iii) Oxygen is mainly consumed from atmosphere via respiration and natural decay mechanism in which animals, plants and bacteria consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
respiration
C6H12O6+6O2 6CO2+6H2O
(iv) Some of oxygen is also consumed in natural oxidation of various mineral on earth crust.
Oxygen is also cycle between biosphere and lithosphere in which marine organisms play important role. Marine organisms have calcium carbonate sheet. That after death is deposited on sea floor and forms limestone rock in the lithosphere.
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