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Automaton (NFA) (with ε-transitions) is a 5-tuple: (Q,Σ, δ, q0, Fi where Q, Σ, q0 and F are as in a DFA and T ⊆ Q × Q × (Σ ∪ {ε}).
We must also modify the de?nitions of the directly computes relation and the path function to allow for the possibility that ε-transitions may occur anywhere in a computation or path. The ε-transition from state 1 to state 3 in the example, for instance, allows the automaton on input ‘a' to go from state 0 not only to state 1 but also to immediately go on to state 3. Similarly, it allows the automaton, when in state 1 with input ‘b', to move ?rst to state 3 and then take the ‘b' edge to state 0 or, when in state 0 with input ‘a', to move ?rst to state 2 and then take the ‘a' edge to state 3. Thus, on a given input ‘σ', the automaton can take any sequence of ε-transitions followed by exactly one σ-transition and then any sequence of ε-transitions. To capture this in the de?nition of δ we start by de?ning the function ε-Closure which, given a state, returns the set of all states reachable from it by any sequence of ε-transitions.
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Exercise Show, using Suffix Substitution Closure, that L 3 . L 3 ∈ SL 2 . Explain how it can be the case that L 3 . L 3 ∈ SL 2 , while L 3 . L 3 ⊆ L + 3 and L + 3 ∈ SL
The upper string r ∈ Q+ is the sequence of states visited by the automaton as it scans the lower string w ∈ Σ*. We will refer to this string over Q as the run of A on w. The automa
De?nition (Instantaneous Description) (for both DFAs and NFAs) An instantaneous description of A = (Q,Σ, δ, q 0 , F) , either a DFA or an NFA, is a pair h q ,w i ∈ Q×Σ*, where
The initial ID of the automaton given in Figure 3, running on input ‘aabbba' is (A, aabbba) The ID after the ?rst three transitions of the computation is (F, bba) The p
The language accepted by a NFA A = (Q,Σ, δ, q 0 , F) is NFAs correspond to a kind of parallelism in the automata. We can think of the same basic model of automaton: an inpu
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