Sinus Perforations 

The maxillary antrum can sometimes be inadvertently penetrated. Through careful pre-operative planning using radiographs, including axial scans, this complication can be avoided. However, when accidental perforation of the sinus dose occurs it usually closes spontaneously provided the flap is carefully sutured and the patient assiduously follows post- operative instructions. In the rare instance when this antral communication fails to heal, and forms an oro-antral fistula, it may require extensive flap mobilization from both the buccal (Berger's Flap) and the palatal (Pedicled) soft tissues with or without bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration.