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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
An employee record has the following structure struct employee { int eno; char name[22]; float salary; char dept[10];}; (i) Calculate the record size R in bytes.
What is a disjoint less constraint? Ans: It needs that an entity belongs to no much more than one level entity set. Disjoint less constraint needs that an entity belongs to
Consider a systems development project with the following data Activity Duration (weeks) Precedence Relationship 1. Software design
what is entity in database system?
About Attribute inheritance
Sub query in the UPDATE command : Example : //Double the commission for employees, who have got at least 2 increments. UPDATE EMP SET COMM = COMM * 2 WHERE
Q. Explain the terms key constraints participation constraints and mapping caradinalities in ER model. Participation Constraints : The participation of an entity set E i
What are the General Transformation Rules for Relational operations? Ans: The transformation rules transform one relational algebra expression to AN EQUIVALENT ONE 1. E
We have a new website where I need someone to 1: Inhabit the back end with all the recruitment agencies in the UK. I require someone who is not manually going to do this, but who w
Define Direct file organization? The direct file organization is employed to enhance the performance in accessing the records than sequential file organization. In direct file
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