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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Build a database application for a sports league. Assume your application is to keep track of teams and equipment that is checked out to teams. Explain the steps that is needed and
Explain Foreign Key? Foreign Key - Let there are two relations (tables) R and S. Any candidate key of the relation R that is referred within the relation S is known as the fo
What are the various symbols used to draw an E-R diagram (any 3)?
Consider the entity type dependent related to employee entity, which is used to keep track of the dependents of every employee. The attributes of dependents are: name, sex, birth d
each publisher has uniqe name a mial addrs are also kept on each pubisher.a publisher publish one book.a book publish y one publisher.book identified by isbn.each book writn by one
Serialisability: Any schedule that makes the similar results as a serial schedule is known as a serialisable schedule. But how can a schedule are determined to be serialisable or n
Explain P command in the respect of QBE? P: It is the command in which is used to print (logically display) the value of the attribute in whose cell it is writ
What are the purpose for having variable length records? What kinds of separator characters are required for each? Variable-Length Records - Variable-length records are thos
#question.ERD of any car
Before we talk about the relational model in more detail, let us first define some very basic terms used in this model. Tuple Every row in a table shows a record and is cal
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