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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is inheritance? Define it in detail? Inheritance Inheritance can be at the levels of types, or at the level of tables we first consider inheritance of types, then i
Mixed fragmentation: Sometimes, horizontal fragmentation or vertical fragmentation of a database schema by itself is insufficient to sufficiently distribute the data for some appli
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
CREATE TABLE prodtrans ( pno number (4) ptype char (1) CHECK (ptype in ('I','R','S')), qty number (5) FOREIGN KEY pno REFERENCES product (pno) ON DELETE CASCADE);
Can your organization scan large format documents? Yes, large format scanning used for such entities as city plans and blueprints is available. We selected scanners with the ab
Question 1 Describe the following- Clustering Indexing Question 2 Explain the following with suitable real time examples- Implementation of Integrity rules
Why 'AS' clause is used in SQL ? 'As' clause is used for Rename operation. ‘AS' clause is used in SQL for rename operation. (e.g., SELECT ENO AS EMPLOYEE_NO FROM EMP)
FitAll Ltd is a company that manufactures clothes. Its processes are manual and there are stand-alone Information Systems that aid to manage them. The Information Systems were purc
Hi there, Have an issue with my Database. I have: TblOrderDetails and FmOrderDetails TblCircuit and FmCircuit Whenever I add data into the Form, it will update the table as expect
Law Associates is a large legal practice based in Sydney. You have been asked to design a data model for the practice based upon the following specification: The practice emplo
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