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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Multilevel Indexing Scheme Consider the indexing scheme where the address of the block is consider in the index for each record, for a little file, this index would be little a
What does the cardinality ratio specify? Mapping cardinalities or cardinality ratios state the number of entities to which another entity can be associated. Mapping cardinaliti
Define deadlock avoidance. An alternative method for avoiding deadlocks is to needs additional information about how resources are to be requested. Each request requires the s
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Question: This form represents one of a number used for each sailing of a range of boats. A passenger may go on many sailings and will have the same passenger number for each.
What is primary Key Explain? Primary Key - Primary key is one of the candidate keys. It should be selected such in which its attribute values are never, or very rarely, chang
By using the delete operation some consisting records can be deleted from a relation. To delete some definite records from the database a condition is also specified based on which
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
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State the Object Design for Processing The object design phase comes after analysis and system design phase. The object design phase includes implementation details like as i
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