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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
The Database administrator (DBA) uses the data dictionary in each phase of a database life cycle, beginning from the data gathering phase to the design, execution and maintenance p
What is OOM? Object oriented modeling is an approach by which modeling of systems is done by visualizing the system based on real world concepts. Object oriented modeling does
What is system catalog or catalog relation? How is better known as? A RDBMS maintains a explanation of all the data that it contains, information about every relation and index
PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE 1. State the following terms: a) Database b) Database Management System c) Entity d) Attribute e) Relationship 2. Discuss the Three Level Architecture
Spanned and unspanned organisation? Spanned and unspanned organization: If records are not permited to cross block boundaries then the organisation is called unspanned record
This constraint shows that the key attribute value in each tuple must be unique, i.e., no two tuples have the similar value for the key attribute. This is because the value of the
A student entity type has the following attributes,name..
Differentiate between static hashing and dynamic hashing. Ans: Static Hashing comprises the number of primary pages in the directory fixed. So, while a bucket is full, we requ
Define Join and Outer Join and differentiate between them. Ans: Join - It generates all the combinations of tuples from two relations which satisfy a join condition. Oute
What is the purpose of storage manager? The storage manager is responsible for the following a) Interaction with the file manager b) Translation of DML commands in to low
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