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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Define two-phase locking protocol. Ans: Two-phase locking is significance in the context of ensuring that schedules are serializable. The two-phase locking protocol defines a p
What is E-R model? This data model is based on real world that having of basic objects called entities and of relationship between these objects. Entities are explained in a da
complete assignment on the above title.
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Durability : This property necessitates that once a transaction has committed, the changes made by it be never lost because of subsequent failure. Thus, a transaction is also a bas
What are the typical phases of query processing
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Define Aggregate functions and what aggregate functions supported by the MySQL To calculate a summary value from a set of individual values and uses one of the functions known
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