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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Draw an ER diagram that shows the organization of a simple student database. The database captures the information about letter grades obtained by university students who enrolled
what is primary key
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Define the term Domain. For each n every attribute there is a set of permitted values known as the domain of that attribute.
Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
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Define the following constraints for the table client. (i) BAL_DUE must be at least 1000. (ii) NAME is a unique key. (i)ALTER TABLE CLIENT ADD CONSTRAINT CLIENT_BAL_DUE_C1
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Explain the systems development life cycle. This is the traditional method to develop, maintain, and replace information systems that contains the project identification and se
State the terms Designing the database and Normalization Designing the database: Out of the ERD we have formed, it is very easy to verify the tables, the attributes which the
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