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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Describe Parameteric end users? Parametric end users might be given update access, but are commonly not permitted to change the structure of data.
What is known as fudge factor? The number of partitions is enhanced by a small value called the fudge factor, which is usually 20 percent of the number of hash partitions compu
Consider a relation s over the attributes A and B with the following characteristics: 5,000 tuples with 10 tuples per page A 2-level B+ tree index on attribute
Problem 1. Describe the following a) Advantages of Database Systems b) Functions of a DBMS Explanation of part (a) and (b) 2. Explain the following concepts w
Durability : This property necessitates that once a transaction has committed, the changes made by it be never lost because of subsequent failure. Thus, a transaction is also a bas
Explain the term- Query. Queries are used to repossess and show specific records in a table. They can also be used to show specific fields of specific records, which meet the co
What are the advantages of creating a table from existing table?
What is a Name? A user-supplied name is used for identity. This form of identity is used for files in file systems. The user gives every file a name that uniquely identifies it
(a) Explain briefly the three parts of a relational Model. (b) Contrast the following terms with an appropriate example: (i) stored attribute v/s derived attribute (ii) en
Hierarchical
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