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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Using Literal Character String Example: To print IS A as one string with column name employee SELECT ENAME || ' IS A ' || JOB AS "EMPLOYEE" FROM EMP;
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What is object containment? References among objects can be used to model dissimilar real-world concepts.
A video rental company has several branches. The data held on each branch is the branch address made up of street, city, state, and zip code, and the telephone number. Ea
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Discuss how the bi-directional Implementations are made. In bi-directional implementation of the association, a pair of references must implement every link. The declarations a
Define union compatibility? Explain why INTERSECTION of two relations cannot be performed if they are not union compatible? Two relations R(A1, A2,-------, An) and S(B1, B2,--
Define Fifth Normal form is concerned with Ans : Fifth Normal form is concerned with Join dependency.
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