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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What are the situations while DBMS should not be used? DBMS should not be used in situations like: (i) No need of security. (ii) Not difficulty to access the data (iii) N
Attributes that are directly kept in the data base. For example, 'Birth date' attribute of a person. Derived Attributes that are not stored directly but can be derived
how to design tables
How to Insert data in your table from another table? insert into e.g, To insert tuples from employee into N_emp created above, use following statement Insert into N_emp
project on dbms
assume we have the following apllicationthat model sccer team the games they play and the players inv each teamin the design we want to capture
How is the database organised in Oracle? Database organized within Oracle in terms of table and table holds attributes and values. A database consists of one or more logical
What is Outer join? They can be employed while we want to keep all the tuples in R, or all those in S or all those in both relations in the result of the JOIN in spite of of w
List two restrictions that are applied on the modification (updation, insertion or deletion) of base tables through view. Ans: The two restrictions are: 1. If a view
Consistency: This property makes sure that a complete transaction implementation takes a database from one consistent state to another consistent state. If the transaction fails e
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