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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
i have assignments I don''t have time to finish because of work and other assignments, can you help with this? All are from the book Darabase design, application development and a
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When is UPDATE_STATISTICS command used? - When processing of large data is done, this command is used. - Whenever large number of modification, deletions or copy takes place
explain thee diffrent types of data models
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Question (a) Visual Basic is governed by an event processor. Explain the meaning of this phrase. (b) Differentiate between an general procedure and event procedure. (c)
What is Information System?
Association as a cache This association must be updated when any new element is added to it, but testing for overlap using association is more efficient. Figure:
Use Delegation to Share Implementation The delegation " Delegation comprises of catching an operation on one object and sending it to other object which is part, or related to
Question: Describe briefly the three parts of the Relational Model. (a) The term integrity refers to the accuracy or correctness of the data in the database. Define the fol
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