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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Benefits of Hashed file Organisation 1. Insertion or search on hash-key is quick. 2. Best if equality search is required on hash-key. Drawbacks of Hashed file
Differentiate OO development from structured development. Structured approach of problem solving is based upon the idea of decomposition of system into subsystem. In this appro
Section A: Use the following tables to create a database called College. Use SQL commands. Student stuid(primary) lastName firstName
Problem 1. Write an assembly program to find the smallest among two numbers Writing an assembly program to find the smallest among two numbers 2. Explain the intern
construct a B+ tree for the following set of key value (2,3,5,7,11,19,23,29,31) in ascending order where the pointers that will fit in one node is as follows:A. four B. six C. eigh
sir we want er diagram of bank management system in this main menu option as new account,deposit amount,withdraw amount,all acount holder list,modify account,close account
Submit SQL INSERT Statements that will populate the database with sample data. You must insert at least 5 records into each table in your database.Submit your SQL INSERT Statement
An entity type usually has an attribute whose values are distinct for every individual entity in the collection. Such an attribute is known as a key attribute and its values can be
Inconsistent Analysis : The problem as given with transactions T1 and T2 where two transactions interleave to make incorrect result during an analysis by Audit is the instance of s
What are the disadvantages of file processing system? The drawbacks of file processing systems are a) Data redundancy and inconsistency b) Complexity in accessing data
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