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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is horizontal fragmentation? Horizontal fragmentation divides the relation by assuming every tuple of r to one or more fragments
Define Physical and Logical independence Ans: Physical data independence: The ability to modify physical level without causing application program to be rewritten. Logic
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I want Database Of United Kingdom with Criteria of:\r\n\r\n1). Name, Number, City, State, Postal Code, Address, Email id, DOB.\r\n\r\n2). Unsecure Debts only adds Credit Card Payme
Briefly describe the different kinds of users of a DBMS. Ans: Different sorts of DBMS users are: (a) Software Engineers: These are the people accountable for developing ap
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