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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Define single valued and multivalued attributes. Single valued attributes: attributes with a single value for a particular entity are known as single valued attributes. Mult
Increases efficiency : Data is stored close to most often used site, therefore retrieval would be faster. Also, data that is not required by local applications is not stored, there
What are domain constraints? A domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute .all values that appear in a column of a relation must be taken fro
Problem 1. Describe the following a) Advantages of Database Systems b) Functions of a DBMS Explanation of part (a) and (b) 2. Explain the following concepts w
In which format database schema is written ? Data base schema is written in the DDL format.
Multi-Key File Organisation In this part, we will introduce two basic file Organisation schemes that permit records to be accessed by more than one key field, therefore, allowi
What is a homogeneous distributed database? In homogeneous distributed databases, all sites have the same database management system software, are aware of one another, and agr
Explain the main advantages of DBMS over File Oriented System ?
Determine the Strong and Weak Entity Based on the method of foreign key, there might be arise a situation when we have to relate an entity having a primary key of its own and a
Briefly explain each of the following database terms. Use no more than 2-3 lines for each term. 1. DBMS 2. Update Anomaly 3. Alias (referring to tables in SQL queries)
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