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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Examine about the Behavioural Diagrams The main objective of behavioural diagrams is to visualize, specify, construct and document dynamic aspects of a system. The interactio
WOUND-WAIT
Process-oriented decompositions Process-oriented decompositions divide complex process, task or function into simpler sub processes until they get simple enough to be deal
Question 1: (a) Planning and management of ICT projects have a very poor record in developing countries. Briefly explain five critical success factors for correct implementa
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
What are the advantages of object ID? The main advantages of Object IDs are as below: i) IDs are not changing ii) IDs are completely independent of the changes in data v
Differentiate between static hashing and dynamic hashing. Ans: Static Hashing comprises the number of primary pages in the directory fixed. So, while a bucket is full, we requ
Complexity : A distributed DBMS that is available, reliable, and secure is inherently more difficult than a centralised DBMS. Though, adequate data replication is essential to have
Define an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level entities Ans: Aggregation. It is an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level
employee(empid,empname,dept,telno,mobno, add,sssno,tinno,WEdates,WEcomp,WEadd,WEpos,WEres) this is a employee record which is need to be normalize.the WE means work experience
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