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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
In which format database schema is written ? Data base schema is written in the DDL format.
Question: This Question refers to the database schema given in the Appendix. (a) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. Discuss what should happen on a
sir we want er diagram of bank management system in this main menu option as new account,deposit amount,withdraw amount,all acount holder list,modify account,close account
Discuss the differences among the candidate keys and the primary key of a relation. Give instance to describe your answer? A candidate key is one that can be used as primary ke
The technique of converting the state diagram to code a) Identify all major control paths. Start from initial state; choose a path across the diagram that corresponds to normal
Define check point and its impact on data base recovery. Ans: There could be hundreds of transactions handled per minute, in a large on-line database system.
differences between a classified catalog and a dictionary catalog
Objectives After reading this part, you should be able to: Modify, create, and delete database schema objects; Update database using SQL command; Retrieve data f
Hi I have got an assignment for making an er diagram for market management software can any budy help me?
What are the storage types? The storage types are: a) Volatile storage b) Nonvolatile storage
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