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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
Hi there, Have an issue with my Database. I have: TblOrderDetails and FmOrderDetails TblCircuit and FmCircuit Whenever I add data into the Form, it will update the table as expect
Process of normalization is the integral part of designing a database. Justify this statement with suitable database design
Hierarchical
Improved performance: As the data is located near the site of its demand, and given the inherent parallelism because of multiple copies, speed of database access may be good for di
A file of employee have 10,000 blocks on a cylinder of a disk with characteristics r=8ms and btt=0.6ms I want to know the cost of read inthe file under following conditions for a q
In this programming assignment, you will develop a simple database of student records. Here are the requirements: 1) A student record contains a name and a number. We assume tha
What is data independence? Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data
Draw an ER diagram that shows the organization of a simple student database. The database captures the information about letter grades obtained by university students who enrolled
Describe queries with complex types? The present extension of the SQL query language deal with the complex type Let us start with the simple example: Find the title and t
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