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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Having Clause with sub queries: First we have to recollect the GROUP BYclause. The following query searches the minimum salary in every department. SELECT DEPTNO, MIN (SAL)
multidimensional data model
i need help with creating database system for a library
Automated system for appointment with sms and call confirmation with service providers and user has to be initiate automatically. After selecting time and date to use service, s
Define upgrade and downgrade? It gives a mechanism for conversion from shared lock to exclusive lock is called as upgrade. It gives a mechanism for conversion from exclusive
Show, with the help of an example, that relatively high-level transitions result when system or program is stimulated by the outside events. In diagram below, we can observe i
Project Description: We have an encrypted HSQL Database which we want to change into csv format. HSQL DB . We have java application (jar file) which reads that database but n
How are tables stored on Disk? We realise that every record of a table can have different amounts of data. This is due to in some records; some attribute values may be "zero".
Define the Two Phase Locking Protocol This is a protocol that is used to make sure serializability of transactions. This protocol needs that every transaction issue lock and u
Define tuple variable? Tuple variables are used for comparing two tuples in the same relation. The tuple variables are explained in the from clause by way of the as clause.
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