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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Build a database application for a sports league. Assume your application is to keep track of teams and equipment that is checked out to teams. Explain the steps that is needed and
Explain different categories of failures that occur in Oracle database? Categories of Failures - In Oracle database subsequent types of failures can occurred: Statement Failu
Write short note on Events Events consist of inputs, interrupts, decisions and actions performed by any external device or users. Every event always has a sender and receiver.
Which is the properties of entities? Attributes is the properties of entities.
The Conceptual Level or Global level The conceptual level presents a logical view of the complete database as a unified whole. It permits the user to bring all the data in th
Table_Name( attribute_1, attribute_2, attribute_3, ….. ,attribute_x) Primary Key ( attribute_1, attribute_2) Foreign Key attribute_4 References Table_Name_2 (repeat for each fore
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how to make an e r diagram?
What is known as clustering file organization? In the clustering file organization, records of several dissimilar relations are stored in the similar file.
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