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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Define Serializable schedule Serializable schedule: An interleaved schedule of much more than one transaction is known as a serializable schedule, if it is equal to some serial
Briefly explain what is to be done during defining problem statement. To define Problem Statement of a system, define what is to be done and how you can go to implement that. Y
WHY SHOULD NULL IN A RELATION BE AVOID AS possible?
Isolation or Independence : The isolation property shows that the updates of a transaction should not be visible till they are committed. Isolation assurance that the progresses of
Question 1 What are the advantages of DBMS approach in managing data? Question 2 What are the services provided by a database system Question 3 List and briefly describe
Difference between LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN In left outer join tuples from the left-hand-side relation which do not match any tuple in the right-hand-side relation
Implementation of association as an object Implement as a separate association object, independent of either class, as in Figure. An association object is a group of pairs
Differentiate strict two phase locking protocol and rigorous two phase locking protocol. In strict two phase locking protocol all exclusive mode locks taken by a transaction is
a. Define the term "deadlock". There are four conditions that must hold before deadlock is possible. Name them. b. Outline an algorithm that detects whether there is a deadlock.
Data Scrubbing 70,000 records Project Description: We need services of a developer competent in data cleansing/Data scrubbing. Scope: - 70,000 records in CSV format.
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