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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
State the definition of association An association is a structural relationship which specifies that objects of one thing are connected with objects of another. In UML, asso
Primary index A primary index is a file that has a sorted series of records having two columns: a block address for that key field in the data file; and the ordering key field.
Events4Fun is an event management company in Europe with branches in South America as well. The company is well-known for its efficiency, good-quality services, and affordable char
OBJECTIVES After going through this unit you should be capable to: Explain the File Based system and its limitations; Explain the structure of DBMS; Explain the
Explain the Management of Data Store Every system irrespective of its nature of application requires storing permanent data for consequent use in problem solving. Some objects
Consider student (std_id, std_name, date_of_birth, phone, dept_name). Put the data for a student with student id200, name arun, birth date 1 February, 1985, phone number (01110 328
what is cascading? what is rollback cascading? please explain in detail
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Explain the difference between the three storage types - volatile, non volatile and stable. Ans: Volatile storage: if storage media loses data while power goes off,
Synonyms It allows short names or alternative names for objects. Example : CREATE SYNONYM D30 FOR EMPD30; Now if we give command:
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