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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is the use of sub queries? A sub query is a select-from-where expression that is nested with in another query. A common use of sub queries is to do tests for set membershi
What is known as heap file organization? In the heap file organization, any record can be placed anywhere in the file where there is space for the record. There is no ordering
Surgeons identified by doctor ID (DOCID) operate on patients identified by patient ID (PATID) in operating theaters identified by room numbers (ROOMNO). Each surgeon can operate on
Instructions: Follow the instructions below for completing this project: 1. Creating the Database: · Use the physical table descriptions given below to define and create each t
Information about films holds information about movies, stars and studios. Movies have a title, year of production, length and the film type. Stars have a name and address. Studi
What is system log? What are the entries? Ans: The system log that is generally written on stable storage contains the redundant data required to recover from volatile
What is Hierarchical DBMS In HDBMS, data is structured in a tree like manner. There is a parent-child relationship between data items and the data model is very suitable for re
1. Which model is used to store data in tree structures Ans: Hierarchical model is used to store data in tree structures
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What are axioms? Axioms or rules of inference give a simpler technique for reasoning about
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