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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Define Serializable schedule Serializable schedule: An interleaved schedule of much more than one transaction is known as a serializable schedule, if it is equal to some serial
Replication : It is definite as a copy of a relation. Every replica is stored at a dissimilar site. The alternative to replication is to store only single copy of a relation which
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the
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What are the various states through which a transaction passes through in its lifetime? Briefly discuss all the events that causes transition from one state to another. Ans:
What are the advantages of creating a table from existing table?
A B-tree of order how much children m has maximum ? m has maximum m mchildren in a B tree.
In the architecture of a database system which external level used? In the architecture of a database system view external level used.
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