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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?. Predicates in the WHERE clause applies to every tuple while the predicate in the HAVING clause applies to groups.
How is the database organised in Oracle? Database organized within Oracle in terms of table and table holds attributes and values. A database consists of one or more logical
Problem : (b) A deductive database system is essentially the outcome of applying mathematics logic to database management, where logic is used for both data representation and
Write short notes on relational model The relational model uses a collection of tables to show both data and the relationships between those data. The relational mo
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
Ask question #MinimRead Dennis et al. Chapter 6: Minicase 2. Work through it and answer the questions. See the attached example. SequenceDiagram.png Based on the structural mod
Question: Data Mining is the process of extracting knowledge hidden from large volumes of raw data. (a) Using a suitable example, illustrate how Data Mining can be useful t
1. Which model is used to store data in tree structures Ans: Hierarchical model is used to store data in tree structures
Consider the relation PERSON. If you want to display details of persons having age less than or equal to 30 than the select operation will be used as follows: σ AGE The resu
Database systems have many opposite efforts ?
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