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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
It can be easily defined as: The database must not have any unmatched foreign key values. The term "unmatched foreign key value" means a foreign key value for which there doe
What is the function of a Domain? A domain defines the technical settings of a table field. A domain describes a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the
Create 1 experiment to demonstrate an aspect of query optimisation by using access-path structures (indexes), decomposition, or denormalisation. Once satisfied with your experiment
Self-Join: In a self join a table is joined with itself. Let consider the following sample partial data of EMP table EMPNO ENAME MGRID
Demonstrate the UML model Using UML, it is possible to generate code in any of the programming language from UML model (called forward engineering) and rebuild a model from an
1. Define each of the following IN YOUR OWN WORDS: (a) File: (b) Record: (c) Field: (d) Primary Key: (e) Secondary Key: 2. A travel agency wants t
What is transaction? Transaction is a unit of program implementation that accesses and possibly updated several data items.
A student entity type has the following attributes,name..
what do you mean by consistency in rdbms?
What are called index-sequential files? The files that are ordered sequentially with a primary index on the search key are known as index-sequential files
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