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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Explain current page table and shadow page table. The key idea behind the shadow paging method is to maintain two page tables during the life of the transaction: the current pa
#what is cursor its uses ? Explain it
ALTER TABLE Command : This command is used for variation of existing structure of the table in the given situation: When a new column is to be added to the table structure.
What are domain constraints? A domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute .all values that appear in a column of a relation must be taken fro
Fifth Normal Form (5NF) These relations still have a difficulty. While defining the 4NF we mentioned that all the attributes depend upon each other. Whereas creating the two ta
What is a recovery scheme? An integral part of a database system is a recovery scheme that can restore the database to the reliable state that existed before the failure.
What is abstraction? Abstraction in the object orientation is a idea that provide opportunity to express necessary properties of object without providing much details of the im
Mention the purpose of SID and SOD lines SID (Serial input data line): It is an input line by which the microprocessor accepts serial data. SOD (Serial output data line)
Need a sample of a clinic database relationships
What does authentication refer? Authentication refers to the task of verifying the uniqueness of a person.
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