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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
The following data are required to be stored by a family physician. Family#, FamilyAddress, Patient#, PatientName, ServiceCode, ServiceFee, ServiceDate A family can have seve
Data Redundancy -A lot of information is being repeated in the relation. For instance, the information that MCS-014 is named SSAD is repetitive, address of Rahul is "D- 27, Main ro
What are the kinds of Strings? -A binary string in MySQL is one that MySQL treats as case sensitive in comparisons. -A non binary string in MySQL is one that MySQL does'nt
A buyer for a large department store chain must place orders with an athletic shoe manufacturer six months prior to the time the shoes will be sold in the department stores. In par
Text Processing: Use readLines to read SOU.txt into R. Create a vector called Pres containing the names of the presidents giving each speech. To do this, rst identify the lin
If one requires to access data using Logical Database , the use of events is unavoidable. Yes, if someone wants to access data using Logical database then the use of events
Self-Join: In a self join a table is joined with itself. Let consider the following sample partial data of EMP table EMPNO ENAME MGRID
Q. Define a weak entity set and its identifying relationship. List the necessary conditions for a meaningful identifying relationship set of a weak entity set. Entity is a t
Events4Fun is an event management company in Europe with branches in South America as well. The company is well-known for its efficiency, good-quality services, and affordable char
Storage Of Database On Hard Disks At this point, it is worthwhile to note the difference among the terms file Organisation and the access method. A file organisation shows to t
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