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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
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Define entity integrity and referential integrity. How does SQL allow specification of these? Ans: Entity Integrity Rule- If the attribute A of relation R is a prime attribut
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
Example : Create a sequence named SEQSS that starts at 105, has a step of 1 and can take maximum value as 2000. CREATE SEQUENCE SEQSS START WITH 105 INCREMENT BY 1 MAX VA
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Synonyms It allows short names or alternative names for objects. Example : CREATE SYNONYM D30 FOR EMPD30; Now if we give command:
In which relational modes, cardinality is termed? Answer : Cardinality is termed in a number of tuples relational modes.
When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. YEs, a function module is activated syntax checking.
Explain entity integrity and referential integrity rules within relational model. Show how these are realized in SQL? Entity Integrity Rule - No primary key value could be nu
The database application project (DAP) for this assignment consists of the creation of a fully functional Microsoft Access database application for a real client. I recommend you s
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