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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is OOM? Object oriented modeling is an approach by which modeling of systems is done by visualizing the system based on real world concepts. Object oriented modeling does
Create a new user : CREATE USER IDENTIFIED BY Example: //CREATE USER MCA12 IDENTIFIED BY W123 Grant: It is used to give database access permission to users. It is of
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explain ANSI SPARC architecture
Define Thomas write rule Thomas' write rule: The Thomas' write rule is a modification of timestamp-ordering protocol for concurrency control. Assume that transaction T i issue
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