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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Describe Data Manipulation language ? Data Manipulation Language (DML) - A data manipulation language is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organize
What are the Objectives of object design After going through this unit, you could be able to: explain steps of object design; discuss algorithms that reduce costs;
HOW MANY TYPES OF VIEWS
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
Event Occurrence of a process is called event. In other words, the object can receive many input instructions. The changes which occur due to these instructions are known as e
why data in an RDMS need to be normalised
These are interactive interfaces, graphical that hide the difficulty of the DBMS and query language behind an intuitive, simple to understand, and convenient interface. This permit
Define tuple variable Tuple variable is a type of variable whose domain is the set of all tuples.
Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Relational and E-R Model There are three types of constraints on relational database that have: DOMAIN CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
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