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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Define Serializable schedule Serializable schedule: An interleaved schedule of much more than one transaction is known as a serializable schedule, if it is equal to some serial
(a) Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema?
what is multivalued dependency
We want have a website; we need to test the security of our website. You need to: -Try to bypass our security by simulate a website hacking -Try some hack Techniques like
Let us now talk about the relational operations: SELECT The select operation is used to select few specific record from the database based on different criteria, This is a un
er diagram on cosmetics.
What is document scanning and imaging? Document scanning and imaging, or digital archiving, is the method of scanning a document into a digital image to archive and retrieve a
explain the level architectures of the database management system
Express the ways provided by MySQL for Pattern Matching? MySQL provides two kinds of pattern matching. 1) One is based on SQL patterns 2) Regular expressions.
What are the three classes of SQL expression? SQL expression consists of three clauses: Select From Where
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