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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Atomicity: It describes a transaction to be a one unit of processing. We can also say either a transaction will be finished completely or not at all. In the transaction example 1
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Why containment is important in oosystems? Containment is an significant concept in oosystems because it allows dissimilar users to view data at different granularities.
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E-R Model This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects named entities and of relationship among these objects. Entities are illustrated in a database
Create a new user : CREATE USER IDENTIFIED BY Example: //CREATE USER MCA12 IDENTIFIED BY W123 Grant: It is used to give database access permission to users. It is of
Explain Object oriented Model ? Object Oriented Model - This model is based on the object-oriented programming language paradigm. It involves the features of OOP such as inhe
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