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What is known as sequential file organization?
In the sequential file organization, the records are kept in sequential order, according to the value of a "search key" of every record.
What is a transaction ? The Transaction is a unit of data processing. For instance, many of the transactions at a bank may be withdrawal or deposit of money; transfer of money f
Differentiate between Primary and secondary storage? Primary and secondary storage - Primary storage device stores the data temporarily. Primary storage is commonly used thro
What are called multilevel indices? Indices with two or more levels are known as multilevel indices.
(a) Design a query plan for the following distributed query: An application at site B wants to compute a join of STUDENT ? Id=StudId TRANSCRIPT where STUDENT (Id,Major) is at site
What is normalization? It is a method of analysing the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to attain the properties (1).Minim
Let us first describe the term relationships. What Are Relationships? A relationship can be defined as: A set of associations or connection, or A rule for communic
Attributes that are directly kept in the data base. For example, 'Birth date' attribute of a person. Derived Attributes that are not stored directly but can be derived
Explain Thomas' Write rule. Show how it is different from timestamp ordering protol Ans: In timestamp-based concurrency control the thomas Write rule is a rule. Given a Timest
Creating views with check option : This option limits those updates of data values that cause records to go off the view. The following instance tells this in more detail: Examp
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation As discussed, "redundancy means duplication of exact data". But, if multiple copies of same data are present in the system,
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