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Define the concept of aggregation. Give two examples where this concept is useful.
Ans: Aggregation transforms a relationship among the objects into a higher-level object. A new data type known as aggregate is developed which, under specific criteria of "well-definedness," defines aggregation abstractions. Relational databases illustrated as collections of aggregates are structured like a hierarchy of n-ary relations. To keep well-definedness, update operations on such type of databases must keep two invariants. Well-defined relations are different from relations in third normal form. It is displayed that these notions are complementary and both are significant in database design. A top-down method for database design is described that separates decisions concerning aggregate structure from decisions concerning key identification. It is suggested that aggregate types, and other sorts which support real-world abstractions with no introducing Key identification.
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Explain Record Based Logical Models? Record-Based logical Models: Also define data at the conceptual and view levels. Unlike object-oriented models, are used to state overall
complete assignment on the above title.
What is an index? An index is a structure that helps to place desired records of a relation quickly, without probing all records.
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Probelm: a) In the context of OODBMS, define the following terms with appropriate examples. (i) Object class. (ii) Abstract class. (iii) Aggregation. (iv)
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