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Define Historical example of virulence?
The "classical dogma" of epidemiologists was that pathogens all the time evolve in the direction of lower virulence, eventually becoming harmless symbionts. Evolutionary models have led epidemiologists to abandon this easy assumption, replacing it with a much richer view that incorporates the effects of within- host competition, tradeoffs among transmission and virulence, and coevolution between pathogen offenses and host defenses. The tradeoff theory, that focuses on the pathogen's trade off among maximizing its replication and preserving its host's viability, has strongly suggested that public health experts can manage the virulence also the incidence of disease by taking actions that lower transmission rates and shift transmission to less damaging modes, such as from water-borne to direct contact. Easy mathematical models have been necessary in formulating and understanding the conclusions of the tradeoff theory.
Select all that are true or correct regarding a buffer: alternately donating and accepting ions a set of chemicals that work together to resist pH change often a weak acid or base
Excretory organ for protozoa
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how chlorophyll is degaded in plants?
describe how ulcers can lead to distention and irritation followed by vomiting?
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right classification of protozoa up to class
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