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Define Historical example of virulence?
The "classical dogma" of epidemiologists was that pathogens all the time evolve in the direction of lower virulence, eventually becoming harmless symbionts. Evolutionary models have led epidemiologists to abandon this easy assumption, replacing it with a much richer view that incorporates the effects of within- host competition, tradeoffs among transmission and virulence, and coevolution between pathogen offenses and host defenses. The tradeoff theory, that focuses on the pathogen's trade off among maximizing its replication and preserving its host's viability, has strongly suggested that public health experts can manage the virulence also the incidence of disease by taking actions that lower transmission rates and shift transmission to less damaging modes, such as from water-borne to direct contact. Easy mathematical models have been necessary in formulating and understanding the conclusions of the tradeoff theory.
Define Gas liquid chromatography? This is used for separating and identifying volatile compounds of fatty acids, hydrocarbons, sterols, amino acids and lipids, even from nanogr
Viscosity The viscosity at temperatures above its gelation point is relatively constant at pH values of 4.5 to 9.0 and is not greatly affected by age or ionic strength within
Explain Precautions for capsule staining in a culture? 1. Never heat fix the smear. This is because by heating shrinkage can occur which may create a clear zone around the cell
Some biologists prefer to categorize brown, red, and some green algae as plants rather than protists. What characteristics of these algae support like classification? Brown and
Q. What do you mean by Hemichordata ? Hemichordates re vermiform (worm-like) animals which have few characters like those of the chordates, hence the name hemichordata (hemi :
What problem would most likely to occur if a haploid cell attempted to perform meiosis?
RECIPROCAL CROSSES Similar results were obtained with reciprocal crosses also. A reciprocal crosses involves the same traits but carried by sexes opposite to those in the origi
Define Ergogenic and for training and competition? There is always our desire to work with the body more .than its capability. This is more so in case of athletes. They wish to
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Q. Are there aquatic and flying mammals? Sirenians (dugongs, manatees) and Cetaceans (whales, dolphins) are aquatic mammals Chiropterans (bats) are flying mammals.
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