Types of bone, Biology

Assignment Help:

TYPES OF BONE -

On the basis of its texture, a bone is of two types -

  1. Spongy or cancellous or tubercular bone and
  2. Compact or periosteal or dense bone.

213_difference between bones.png

2330_difference between bone and cartilage.png

Ossification (Bone formation)

The skeleton is formed entirely of cartilage in an early embryo.

The process of bone formation is called ossification or osteogenesis.

Bones are of the following types according to their source of formation -

1.      Cartilaginous or Replacing Bones -

  1. These bones develop from the pre-existing cartilage and practically replace the cartilage.
  2. They are also called endochondrial bones. Examples: humerus, femur.

2.      Investing or Dermal or Membrane Bones -

  1. These bones develop in the dermis of the skin as thin plates and sink to get attached over the original cartilaginous endoskeleton.
  2. In fact these bones become invested upon original cartilages hence their name.
  3. Examples: frontal, nasals, vomers and parietals of the skull.

3.      Sesamoid Bones -

  • These bones are formed in the tendons at the joints. Example: patella (knee-cap).

4.      Visceral Bones -

  1. These are formed in the soft organs (= viscera).
  2. Examples:

os cordis in the heart of some ruminants (e.g., deer),

os penis in the penis of most bats, insectivores, rodents (e.g., rats), carnivores (e.g., dog,walrus), whales, some primates (not man),

os clitoris in the clitoris of many carnivores, and

os palpebrae in the eyelids of crocodiles.

  • A small bone also develops in the crest of a bird and snout of a hog.

OSTEOCLASTS -

  1. These cells are derived from osteoblasts and osteocytes, rich in acid phosphatase and contain slightly basophilic cytoplasm and are lysosome-rich, multinucleate cells which destroy bone matrix.
  2. They are also called bone destroying cells.

OSTEOMYELITIS -

  • Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone and epiphysial cartilage.

PAGET'S DISEASE-

  • Irregular thickening and softening of bones. A bone kept in KOH remains unaffected

OSTEOMYELODYSPLASIA

  1. Enlargement of the bone marrow cavities, thinning of the osseous tissue, thinning of osseous tissue, large thin- walled vascular spaces, leukopenia (fall in WBC count) and irregular fever.
  2. When required, calcium and phosphate are released from the bone into the blood under the influence of the hormones, parathormone from the parathyroid glands and calcitonin from the thyroid gland.

Related Discussions:- Types of bone

Porifera, Classify phylum porifera with examples

Classify phylum porifera with examples

Describe nerve cells, In eukaryotes possibly the most rapid and complex sig...

In eukaryotes possibly the most rapid and complex signaling is mediated through nerve impulses.  The Nerve  cells  (neurons)  consist  of  a cell  body  with  numerous projections

Define the protective of vitamin c role as an antioxidant, Define the Prote...

Define the Protective of Vitamin C role as an antioxidant? Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant because it can donate a hydrogen atom and form a relatively stable ascorbyl free

Phenotypic classes, 1. A pure-breeding black, smooth guinea pig was mated t...

1. A pure-breeding black, smooth guinea pig was mated to a pure-breeding white, rough female. They produced several litters, and eventually, five males and twenty females resulted

What is continuous full thickness incision, Q. What is continuous full thic...

Q. What is continuous full thickness incision? 2. Continuous full - thickness incisions are indicated for a variety of situations outlined below. This type of incision may be u

What food items include in full liquid diet, What food items  include in f...

What food items  include in full liquid diet -  Soups and broths -  Cereal porridges (refined cereals) -  Milk and milk beverages, yoghurt - Coffee, tea, fruit  juices

Explain vegetable sterilization process, Explain vegetable sterilization pr...

Explain vegetable sterilization process Canning, which involves heat sterilization, is one of the most important processes in vegetable preservation. As compared to other foods

Define measuring body composition- total body potassium, Define measuring b...

Define measuring body composition- Total body potassium? It applies the' concept that body cells contain a constant amount of potassium and that its measurement is theref

Explain the main benefits of canned foods, Explain the Main Benefits of Can...

Explain the Main Benefits of Canned Foods? The main benefits of canned foods are: (a) They are safe and hygienic and have logically good nutritional value; (b) They are e

De vega annuloplasty, De Vega Annuloplasty :  Classic De Vega annulop...

De Vega Annuloplasty :  Classic De Vega annuloplasty is done using 2'0' double armed polyester suture with pledgets on either end. It starts with one of the needles passed fr

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd