What is the concept of universality of the genetic code, Biology

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What is the concept of universality of the genetic code? What are the exceptions to this universality?

The genetic code is universal because the rules of protein codification based on mRNA codons are practically the similar for all known living beings. For instance, the genetic code is the same for humans, for bacteria and for invertebrates.

The protein synthesis in mitochondria, chloroplasts and some protozoans though are accomplished by dissimilar genetic codification.

 


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