Q. What functions regulates by hypothalamus?

HYPOTHALAMUS - Main visceral control center of the body (yet small in size). Central to virtually all homeostatic control .

The hypothalamus regulates the following functions:

a. Autonomic Control - through nuclei in the medulla and pons, involved in regulation of BP, HR, SV, GI tone, respiratory rate, etc.

b. Body Temperature - acts as the body's thermostat, includes nuclei which are thermoreceptors monitoring temperature of nearby blood and surrounding CSF. If temp. Too low, activates heat retention mechanisms (as shivering, and peripheral vasoconstriction in skin and distal body parts).

c. Appetite or Satiety (Hunger) Centers - has chemoreceptors which monitor blood glucose and amino acid levels.

d. Water Balance and Thirst Centers - has osmolarity receptors which monitor blood's "water" concentration. Initiates water retention mechanisms if fluids are getting hyper-osmotic (ex. ADH)