What do you mean by counters, Electrical Engineering

Assignment Help:

Q. What do you mean by Counters?

The shift register can be used as a counter because the data are shifted for each clock pulse. A counter is a register that goes through a predetermined sequence of states when input pulses are received. Besides, computers, timers, frequency meters, and various other digital devices contain counters for counting events.

There are what are known as ripple (asynchronous), synchronous, and ring counters. In ripple counters, the output of each flip-flop activates the next flip-flop throughout the entire sequence of the counter's states. In a synchronous counter, on the other hand, all flip-flops are activated (triggered) simultaneously through a master clock connected to the clock inputs of all flip-flops. In a ring counter, as in a synchronous counter, all flip-flops are triggered simultaneously. However, the output of each flip-flop drives only an adjacent flip-flop. A single pulse propagates through the ring in a ring counter, whereas all remaining flip-flops are at the zero state.

1445_What do you eman by Counters.png

Figure (a) shows a block diagram of a 3-bit ripple counter using JKFFs. Notice from the timing diagram shown in Figure (b) that the output Q0 of the leftmost flip-flop will change its state at every clock pulse if the clear signal equals zero. The output Q1, controlled by Q0, will change its state every time Q0 changes from 0 to 1. Similarly Q2 is controlled by Q1. Figure (c) shows the outputs for the first 8 clock pulses. Observe that a 3-bit counter will cycle through 8 states, 000 through 111. An n-bit ripple counter, in general, will cycle through 2n states; it is known as a divide-by-2n counter or modulo-2n binary counter. Taking the outputs from Q2 Q1 Q0, the counter becomes an up-counter; taking the outputs from ¯Q2 ¯Q1 ¯Q0, the counter becomes a down-counter, which counts down from a preset number. Asynchronous ripple counters are available as MSI packages.


Related Discussions:- What do you mean by counters

How many electrons all semiconductor have in last orbit, All semiconductors...

All semiconductors in their last orbit have (A)  8 electrons.  (B) 2 electrons. (C)  4 electrons. (D)  6 electrons. Ans:     All semiconductors in their

Differentiate between a clamper and clipper, Q. What is a clamper? Differen...

Q. What is a clamper? Differentiate between a clamper and clipper. Clamping network shifts (clamps) a signal to a different dc level, i.e. it introduces a dc level to an ac sig

Load resistor , a) Include a Smoothing Capacitor to the Rectifier circuit a...

a) Include a Smoothing Capacitor to the Rectifier circuit and calculate the Output Voltage and Frequency b) Include a 47Ω Load Resistor and sketch the schematic diagram of the c

Duty cycle of the system, The report should contain all of the information ...

The report should contain all of the information detailed below together with your analysis of the circuit and any conclusions. The report should contain the code for your simulati

Self inductance , If a current is passed through a coil, it creates a flux ...

If a current is passed through a coil, it creates a flux within the coil. Any attempt to change this flux will create a back emf that acts to oppose the change.   Consider again

Use of capacitor in technical loss reduction, Use of Capacitor in Technical...

Use of Capacitor in Technical Loss Reduction The use of capacitors to correct for poor power factor is a well-built and cost-effective means of reducing distribution system lo

Convolution, Convolution :   (i) Express this function in terms of kern...

Convolution :   (i) Express this function in terms of kernel coefficients and convolve with image class.png, (x,y are coordinates of pixels) Io(x,y)=I(x+1,y)-2*I(x,y)+I(x-1,

Determine the value of the capacitance in single phase, Q. Three loads in p...

Q. Three loads in parallel are supplied by a single phase 400-V, 60-Hz supply: Load A: 10 kVA at 0.8 leading power factor Load B: 15 kW at 0.6 lagging power factor Load C:

Decimal to binary coded decimal conversions, Decimal to Binary Coded Decima...

Decimal to Binary Coded Decimal Conversions Step1. Separate the digits in the decimal number Step2. Express each of the digits in their binary equivalent Step3. Combine all o

Fly back converter - power supplies, Fly  Back Converter In fly  back ...

Fly  Back Converter In fly  back  converter an inductor is used is  primary winding of transformer. Inductor  stores  the energy when  unregulated DC  input is given  to the

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd