Effective mass, Effective Mass The electrons' "wave-particle" motion in a lattice, Electrical Engineering

Effective mass, Electrical Engineering

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Effective Mass

The electrons' "wave-particle" motion in a lattice is not the same as that for a free electron, because of the interaction with the periodic potential of the lattice.
To still be able to treat these particles as "free", the rest mass has to be altered to take into account the influence of the lattice.
The calculation of effective mass takes into account the shape of the energy bands in three-dimensional (3D) k-space, taking appropriate averages over the various energy bands.
The effective mass of an electron in a band with a given (E,k) relation is given by

M^x = [h/(2π)]² / d²E/dk²

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