Spermatogenesis:

• In the mature male functional sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Around the periphery of the seminiferous tubules are located specialized cells known as spermatogonia.
• Spermatogonia are diploid cells set aside early in embryonic development. They may divide by mitosis to generate more spermatogonia or by meiosis to produce spermatids, each of which will differentiate into a mature sperm cell.
• The basic function of spermatogenesis is to turn each one of the diploid spermatogonium into four haploid sperm cells. During Interphase before meiosis I, the spermatogonium 46 single chromosomes are replicated to form 46 pairs of sister chromatids, which then exchange genetic material through synapsis before the first meiotic division. In meiosis II, the two daughter cells go through a second division to yield four cells containing a unique set of 23 single chromosomes that ultimately mature into four sperm cells.