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Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression:
The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below:
(i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calculation, it may consist of two or more numeric literals and/or data names joined by the arithmetic operators. The following table lists some of the operations and their meaning.
There should be at least one space preceding and the operator in an arithmetic expression is as shown below. No two arithmetic operators can appear altogether in an expression. In this respect the ** is considered as a single operator.
(i) Parentheses may be used to indicate the order of the operations in an arithmetic expression. Where the parentheses are absent, then the order is taken to be left to right as shown:
Whenever the parentheses are used, the part of the expression enclosed within the parentheses is computed first.
CR and DB (Credit and Debit Sign): The two characters that is CR or DB symbol may appear only at the rightmost place of the picture. They are similar to the minus sign edit ch
GIVING file-name-5. The input files to be merged through the MERGE statements which are specified in the USING phrase. These files should be sequential files and should be
RELATIVE FILES: The Files that are stored on a direct access storage medium like magnetic disk are frequently known as direct access files. The COBOL supports three different
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the relative files: The normal format for the SELECT clause for a relative file is as shown below. SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor-nam
Point Location: The position of the decimal point is the other characteristic which can be specified in the case of the numeric data items. If the position is not specified, t
PROGRAM FOR SUBTRACT VERB: We have to write a simple program to elaborate the SUBTRACT verb. You can also use edit characters in the program. Identification division. Pr
INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES: In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In
Plus Sign - edit characters for numeric data: + (Plus Sign) : A plus sign is alike to minus sign except that when the item is positive, +sign will be inserted rather th
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files: The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below: SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
Comparison of Nonnumeric Operands: A nonnumeric operand can be compared to the other nonnumeric operand according to the rules as shown below: (i) Fields of Equal Sizes:
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