Give the properties and application of permanent magnetic materials.

Permanent magnetic materials:

Properties:

• Permanent magnetic materials have a huge area of hysterisis loop.
• They have large coercivity and retentivity.
• High saturated values.
• High residual magnetism
• Permanent magnetic materials are hard to be magnetized.

Applications: Permanent magnetic materials are used to make permanent that finds application in electric machines, relays and measuring instruments, loudspeakers and microwave devices.