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List out various user authorization to modify the database schema.
a) Index authorization
b) Resource authorization
c) Alteration authorization
d) Drop authorization
what are the states of transaction?
Differance between internal and external schema? Internal and external schema: Internal Schema • Describes the physical storage structure • Uses a physical data model External
Given the following relations TRAIN (NAME, START, DEST) TICKET (PNRNO., START, DEST, FARE) PASSENGER (NAME, ADDRESS, PNRNO.) Write SQL expressions for the following queries: No
Q. Define a weak entity set and its identifying relationship. List the necessary conditions for a meaningful identifying relationship set of a weak entity set. Entity is a t
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
a. Construct a query around any one of the functional divisions you made in 4a such that if executed in the distributed design of 4 would require reconstruction of at least two ho
Illustrate the statement 'Projection operation distributes over the union operation'. Give an example. Ans: Π L (E 1 ∪ E 2 ) = (Π L (E 1 )) ∪ (Π L (E 2 )) This says th
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