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-          Jupiter and Saturn are made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium with small amounts of hydrogen compounds, rock, metal. 

-          Jupiter was labeled a “failed star” because its composition is close to a star’s but lacks the nuclear fusion that make stars shine. Compared to stars, Jupiter is small and thus its gravity is too weak to compress its interior to extreme temperatures and densities needed for nuclear fusion 

-          Uranus and Neptune are much smaller than Jupiter and Saturn. Rather than being made of mostly hydrogen and helium, Uranus and Neptune are made mostly out of hydrogen compounds such as; water (H20), methane (CH4) and Ammonia (NH3) along with small amount of rock and metals. 

-          Uranus and Neptune were cold enough for the hydrogen compounds to condense into ice.  Whilst the Jovian planets nearer to the sun (Jupiter and Saturn) captured more hydrogen and helium making them larger in size. 

-          If you plunged below Jupiter’s clouds, you’d never encounter a solid surface, just ever denser and hotter hydrogen/helium compressed into different liquids and metallic phases. 

-          Jupiter’s interior layers are made of gas hydrogen (4^th,outer layer), Liquid hydrogen (3^rd layer), metallic hydrogen (2^nd layer) and rock, metals and hydrogen compounds (1^st layer, core)