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QuestionIf contractor suggests increasing concrete cover beyond contractual such as 40mm to 70mm shall engineers accept suggestion? AnswerIn contractual part, based on requirement of General Specification of Civil Engineering Works, tolerance of concrete cover is involving +5mm and -5mm and engineers must not believe sub-standard work as they do not possess an authority to change acceptance criteria. In that case where engineers think contractor suggestion acceptable in technical point of view, consent has to be required from employer regarding changes in receiving criteria. From practical point of view, effect on cracking because of an enlarge in concrete cover have to be considered. In general, there are three major parameters which govern crack width, namely tensile damage at the point considered, distance of longitudinal bar to concerned point and depth of tension zone.
For second factor, as in proximity of longitudinal bars to point of part, closer a bar is to this point; smaller is crack width. So, closely spaced bars with smaller cover determination give narrower cracks than extensively spaced bars with larger cover. So, with an increase of concrete cover, crack width will add to that is undesirable.
Determine the loss of fluid energy as 310 gallons per minute (gpm) of water flows through 1,000 ft of 4 inch, schedule-40 welded and seamless steel pipe. The fluid temperature is 5
A retaining wall with a vertical back 5 m high supports cohesion less backfill of unit weight of 19 kN/m 3 . The upper surface of the backfill rises at an angle of 10° with the hor
measurement of gauge box for sand ?
A machine of 850 kg mass is acted upon by an external force of 1355 N at a frequency of 650 rpm. To reduce the effects of vibrations on the supporting structure, isolators having s
Micro-organism ratio: Determine the F/M ratio (in units of lbs BOD5/lb MLSS-day) using data provided in the above example problem. Solution By definition, F/M = Q S
What are borrow pits?
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Estimate the ground level NO concentration: a. Directly downwind at a distance of 2 km b. At the point downwind where NO is maximum c. At a point located 2 km downwind and 0.1 km
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