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FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files:
The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below:
SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
The ORGANIZATION clause specifies that the file is an indexed file. The RECORD KEY clause indicates the record key data item on the basis of which the file is sequenced. The field that is specified in the RECORD KEY clause (data-name-1) is also termed as the primary key. Whereas the files are stored on the basis of the prime key, that is the records of an alternative key.
ADD VERB: The ADD Verb can be used to find the sum of two or more numbers and to store the sum. The ADD verb takes any one of the two forms as shown below:
THE SIMPLE SORT VERB: The process of sequencing the records in some preferred manner is termed as sorting. The Sorting is done upon some key data item in the record. For illus
single program how may when statement has used
PROGRAM FOR ELECTRICITY BILL: An electricity company supplies electricity to 4 types of customers coded 1, 2, 3 & 4.The rate schedule for customers is shown in one table as
Selection of file Organization: While designing a file, the programmer should select an appropriate association for a file. The order in which the choice is to be made is as s
DELETE STATEMENT: The format of the delete statement is as shown below: DELETE file-name RECORD [ ; INVALID KEY imperative-statement ] Whenever the ACCESS MOD
Example of Open statement: Illustration: The OPEN INPUT TRANSACTION, OLD-MASTER OUTPUT NEW-MASTER. The illustration represents that there are two input files named the
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
File Description for the Relative and Indexed Files: The FD entry for a relative or an indexed file is similar to that of a sequential file. Some compilers do not permit varia
Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression: The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below: (i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calcu
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