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FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files:
The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below:
SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
The ORGANIZATION clause specifies that the file is an indexed file. The RECORD KEY clause indicates the record key data item on the basis of which the file is sequenced. The field that is specified in the RECORD KEY clause (data-name-1) is also termed as the primary key. Whereas the files are stored on the basis of the prime key, that is the records of an alternative key.
Rules of read statements: The next record is identified according to the rules as shown below: (i) Whenever the READ NEXT statement is the initial statement to be executed
Environment Division: The Environment Division is the second division in the COBOL source program. It is mainly machine-dependent . The computer and all the peripheral dev
DECLARATIVE and FILE STATUS Clause: The input-output exception condition in the situation of a direct access files can be handled by a declarative procedure in a manner simila
Common form of the READ statements: Format 1 is the common form of the READ statements. Format 2 is used when the access mode is either random or dynamic. For illustration,
NESTED IF STATEMENT: The then and else statement of an IF statement can hold other IF statements. The involved IF statements in their turn may also hold other IF statements
ACCEPT STATEMENT: The ACCEPT statement is used to read the low-volume data from the operator's console, several other hardware device or from the operating system. The common
Character Set: To study any language, first one should know the alphabets of the language and they are termed as character set in general. There are 50 different characters in
PROGRAM FOR ELECTRICITY BILL: An electricity company supplies electricity to 4 types of customers coded 1, 2, 3 & 4.The rate schedule for customers is shown in one table as
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
RENAMES CLAUSE: At times re-grouping of an elementary data items in a record may be essential so that they can belong to the original as well as to the latest group. This is o
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