Explain risk factor at the global perspective in heart diease?

While the risk of Cardio-vascular diseases has been found to be variable in different ethnic groups with the highest prevalence in the South Asian countries, a recent study has brought out certain facts which shall have immense hearing on the preventive aspect of heart care. The INTERHEAIU study is one of the largest case-control studies evaluating risk factors for coronary heart disease. The goal of the study was to evaluate the association of risk factors for myocardial infraction (MI) globally, as well as in each region arid among the different ethnic groups. The population attributable risk (PAR) i.e., the relative risk associated with a given factor in the context of the prevalence of the condition within a population was also calculated. Matching first MI patients to a health control by age at each site INTERHEART included 14820 healthy control subjects and 15 152 first-MI patients. Approximately 25 per cent of subjects included were from Europe, 25 per cent were from China, 20 per cent were from South Asia, and 13 per cent were from the Middle East, while 12 per cent were from South America and 5 per cent were from Africa. Demographic as well as other information about lifestyle, health history, psychosocial factors, and use of medication were collected by questionnaire. Height, weight, waist-to-hip circumference, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured using standard methods, and a 20-11 non-fasting blood sample was collected from every subject.

INTERHEART has identified nine risk factors strongly associated with an increased risk of acute MT; more than 90 per cent of the global risk for acute MI is predicted by these nine traditional risk factors. Investigators report that regardless of ethnicity, region, or gender, an abnormal ApoB/ApoA- 1 ratio and current smoking were the two strongest predictors of acute MI risk - which taken together predict 66 per cent of global heart disease. Diabetes, Hypertension, abdominal obesity, psychosocial valuables such as stress and depression, exercise, diet, and alcohol intake was the other variables that predicted risk of acute MI.

This study convincingly showed that 90 per cent of the global risk is preventable and the impact of these risk factors was the same in every ethnic group and in every region in the world. That means preventive messages can be simple and the same strategy adjusted for economic and cultural circumstances in every part of the world can be used.