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The human immune system has developed diverse, coordinated methods of resisting and destroying viruses.
a. Describe the typical composition of a virus. Why are viruses not classified as living organisms?
b. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses? What characteristics do antibiotics specifically target, and why is this advantageous to humans?
c. HIV has characteristics, such as a high rate of mutation, that enable it to evade the human adaptive immune response. Describe why it mutates faster than human nuclear DNA.
Lewis states, "First, HIV enters macrophages, impairing this first line of defense". This is not quite true. To get this far, HIV managed to get through the "real" first line of defense. What is this first line? Give two examples of its methods.
Anti-retroviral drugs are given to the patient. They lesser the viral load and gives relief from infection, but it is not lasting it is temporary relief i.e. it cannot cure.
Dextran is a glucose polymer where the glucose residues are mainly related by α1-6 bonds. Moreover, a few branches also happen. These are classically formed by α1-2, α1-3 or α1-4 b
The Upper Border of the Heart A: Mark a point on the lower border of the left second costal cartilage 1.2 cm away from the sternal margin. B: Mark a point on the upper bord
An impermeable membrane separates a one liter solution of 1M NaCl in the left compartment from a one liter solution of 2M KCl in the right compartment. At 2 AM the membrane became
Define the Acute Phase of spinal trauma Disease? Nutritional support should start within 3-5 days or as early as possible to prevent the onset of malnutrition and secondary il
is rhinobatis poisonous?
Describe the factors that are involved in the regulation of respiration in a child who decides to hold his/her breath for as long as possible.
Using the words 'cilia' and 'mucus', describe, very briefly, how the body gets rid of dust which enters the lungs. The lining of the air passages makes mucus which traps dust p
Q. In general what are the products and reagents of fermentation? In fermentation glucose sugar is degraded into pyruvic acid each glucose molecule forms two pyruvic acid molec
Q. What are the types of chronic gastritis? Gastroscopic observation shows different types of chronic gastritis: 1. Superficial gastritis: gastric mucosa is red, oedematous,
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