Define hardness - chemical characteristics of water, Civil Engineering

Assignment Help:

Define Hardness - Chemical Characteristics of Water

Caused by any polyvalent cations (mainly Calcium and Magnesium). Expressed as mg/l as CaCO3. Causes precipitates with soap (forms scum) and reduces the effectiveness of soap.  

Carbonate hardness (also known as temporary hardness) is the hardness associated with bicarbonate and carbonate ions (alkalinity) and the remaining hardness is termed non carbonate hardness (permanent hardness) and typically is associated with sulfate and chloride.  Carbonate hardness can be removed by heating water.    

Hardness is removed by lime-soda softening process or ion exchange process (discussed later). Hardness is measured by titrating with EDTA (standard is chosen so that 1 ml titrant gives 1 mg/l as CaCO3 hardness)

 


Related Discussions:- Define hardness - chemical characteristics of water

Stone soling - road pavements, Stone Soling: One of the early practic...

Stone Soling: One of the early practices in road construction was to provide a stone soling 150-225 mm in thickness. The stones are laid by manual labour, and stone spalls ar

Slurry flow dynamics, how does the particle number and size affect the slur...

how does the particle number and size affect the slurry flow in a centrifugal pump?!

Hybridisation, Why hybridisation never take in isolated atom

Why hybridisation never take in isolated atom

Stone, STONE Stone is a 'naturally available building material' used fr...

STONE Stone is a 'naturally available building material' used from the early age of civilization. It is available in the form of rocks, which is cut to needed size and shape an

What is partial prestressing, What is Partial Prestressing It is a form...

What is Partial Prestressing It is a form of prestressing in which tensile stresses are permitted, upto a limited extent, in concrete under working loads. As the permitted tens

Water absorption test for precast concrete pipes, Question What is the ...

Question What is the major purpose of carrying out water absorption test for precast concrete pipes? Answer Cement will mix with additional water than is compulsory t

Foundation, The strap serves the same purpose as the interior portion of a ...

The strap serves the same purpose as the interior portion of a combined footing but is much narrower to save materials. ? The resultant soil pressure is assumed at the centers of b

Hydraulics, A rectangular channel, 20ft wide is shown. The channel consists...

A rectangular channel, 20ft wide is shown. The channel consists of three reaches of different slopes. The channel has a roughness coefficient of n=0.015 and carries a discharge of

Return period for design situations, Question While design life will it...

Question While design life will it be same as return period for design situations ? Answer Design life means least duration a structure is accepted to last. Longe

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd