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We got the class LT by taking the class SL and closing it under Boolean operations. We have observed that LT ⊆ Recog, so certainly any Boolean combination of LT languages will also be recognizable. But what about the class of recognizable languages as a whole? Are Boolean combinations of recognizable (not just LT) languages also recognizable. In answering we can use the same methodology we use to show that any language is recognizable: consider what we need to keep track of in scanning a string in order to determine if it belongs to the language or not and then use that information to build our state set.
Suppose, then, that L = L1 ∩ L2, where L1 and L2 are both recognizable. A string w will be in L iff it is in both L1 and L2. Since they are recognizable there exist DFAs A1 and A2 for which L1 = L(A1) and L2 = L(A2). We can tell if the string is in L1 or L2 simply by keeping track of the state of the corresponding automaton. We can tell if it is in both by keeping track of both states simultaneously.
We represented SLk automata as Myhill graphs, directed graphs in which the nodes were labeled with (k-1)-factors of alphabet symbols (along with a node labeled ‘?' and one labeled
Theorem The class of recognizable languages is closed under Boolean operations. The construction of the proof of Lemma 3 gives us a DFA that keeps track of whether or not a give
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Exercise Show, using Suffix Substitution Closure, that L 3 . L 3 ∈ SL 2 . Explain how it can be the case that L 3 . L 3 ∈ SL 2 , while L 3 . L 3 ⊆ L + 3 and L + 3 ∈ SL
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We now add an additional degree of non-determinism and allow transitions that can be taken independent of the input-ε-transitions. Here whenever the automaton is in state 1
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Construct a Mealy machine that can output EVEN or ODD According to the total no. of 1''s encountered is even or odd.
The Equivalence Problem is the question of whether two languages are equal (in the sense of being the same set of strings). An instance is a pair of ?nite speci?cations of regular
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