Chronic bronchitis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis is defined clinically as hypersecretion of mucus and recurrent episode of productive cough for a period of 3 months per year at least two consecutive years. 

Pathophysiology

First there is glandular hypertrophy. Mucous gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia from chronic irritations cause excessive mucus production. The excessive mucus and impaired ciliary movement associated with chronic bronchitis increase susceptibility to infection. As infection progress, the epithelial cells produce a mucopurulent exudates in the lumen or the disease may progress to ulceration and destruction of the bronchial wall. The peribronchial fibrosis and the presence of granulation tissue result in stenosis and airway obstruction.

Second the bronchial wall tissue changes, mucosal ocdema and excessive mucus production, all increase airway resistance in persons with chronic bronchitis. Excess mucus may also cause bronchospasm. 

Third the pathophysiologic changes may impair the ability of lungs to exchange 0, and CO, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatching at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Obstructed airways may lead to atelectasis which further diminishes the surface are a available for respiration. Fourth the right ventricular decompensation or corpulmonale may result.


Related Discussions:- Chronic bronchitis

Explain submarginal curved - limited mucoperiosteal flaps, Explain Submargi...

Explain Submarginal Curved - Limited Mucoperiosteal Flaps - Also called: semilunar flap, - Curved incision in the alveolar mucosa and the attached gingival. - NO advantag

Effects on weather - air pollutants, Effects on Weather - Air pollutants ...

Effects on Weather - Air pollutants Dust, smoke and other suspended particulate matter reduce visibility. Fly-ash also affects visibility by intercepting and scattering solar

Which are the main positive ions found in living beings, Which are the main...

Which are the main positive ions found in living beings? The major cations found in living beings are the sodium cation (Na+), the potassium cation (K+), the calcium cation (Ca

Chemical element is the central in the chlorophyll molecule, Q. Which chemi...

Q. Which chemical element is the central in the chlorophyll molecule? The chemical element that is the central in the chlorophyll molecule is magnesium. One atom of magnesium

Explain properties of colloidal systems - electric charge, Electric Charge ...

Electric Charge - Properties of Colloidal Systems Colloidal particles are electrically charged. Some colloidal particles carry a positive charge (+), others a negative charge (

Decomposers - biotic components, Decomposers - Biotic Components Also ...

Decomposers - Biotic Components Also known as saprotrophs. Mostly, these are microscopic and are heterotrophic in nature. Decomposer organisms obtain their energy and nutrient

Explain dietary management, Dietary Management The golden  rule  in  th...

Dietary Management The golden  rule  in  the dietary  management  of  ally  fever  is  "feed  the fever". Considering that  enteric (typhoid) fever  is accompanied by anorexia,

Flagellated protozoan, Flagellated Protozoan These are protozoan th...

Flagellated Protozoan These are protozoan that move by means of one or more flagella and include the largest number of species, about 6,800.  Asexual reproduction is by

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd