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Character Set:
To study any language, first one should know the alphabets of the language and they are termed as character set in general. There are 50 different characters in the COBOL character set.
They are listed as below:
0-9 (10 numerals)
A-Z (26 English alphabets-only capital letters)
- (hyphen or minus sign)
+ (Plus sign)
* (Asterisk)
/ (Slash)
0= (Equal sign)
$ (Currency sign)
, (Comma)
; (Semi colon)
. (Period or decimal point)
" (Quotation mark)
( (Left Parenthesis)
) (Right Parenthesis)
> (Greater than symbol)
< (Less than symbol)
The characters 0-9 are known as numeric characters or digits. The characters A-Z are known as letters and the remaining characters are known as special characters. The space or blank character in many cases is treated as a letter.
Edit Characters for Numeric Data: The characters below can be used in the PICTURE clause to indicate the editing. Z * $ - + CR DB . , B O /
CR and DB (Credit and Debit Sign): The two characters that is CR or DB symbol may appear only at the rightmost place of the picture. They are similar to the minus sign edit ch
We have input file, record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input f
DIVIDE VERB: The aim of the DIVIDE verb is to divide one number by the other and to store the result. There are few forms of this verb. One of its forms is as shown below:
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM - VARYING: We have to write a program to elaborate PERFORM ...VARYING Identification division. Program- id. PerfVary. Environment division. Dat
ADD and SUBTRACT CORRESPONDING: The CORRESPONDING option can also used with the ADD and SUBTRACT verbs. The following are some of the formats of these verbs with the CORRESPON
What is the difference b/w index and subscript? Subscript indicates to the array occurrence whereas index is the displacement (in no of bytes) from the beginning of the array.
REWRITE statement: The REWRITE statement is used to update the existing record in a disk file. The normal format is as shown below: REWRIE record-name [ FROM ide
Common form of the READ statements: Format 1 is the common form of the READ statements. Format 2 is used when the access mode is either random or dynamic. For illustration,
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