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INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES:
In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In addition, some of the index tables are also created and maintained with the file.
An indexed file on COBOL can be accessed either sequential or randomly. Though, while creating an indexed file the records can be written only sequentially and in the ascending order of the key. Whenever an indexed file is accessed randomly, the series in which the records are accessed is controlled by the programmer by specifying the value of the data item known as record key.
The Indexed files in a COBOL program can be handled through appropriate special codes in the FILE-CONTROL paragraph and in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
START STATEMENT: The START statement places the files to the initial logical record whose record key satisfies the condition specified by the KEY phrase. The access mode shoul
Buffers: The Modern computers are able of handling I-O operations independent of the CPU by means of the hardware termed as data channel. For illustration, if two buffers a
RULES FOR OCCURS CLAUSE: The rules apply for the OCCURS clause and the subscripts are as shown below. (1) The integer in the OCCURS clause should be a positive integer.
Introduction to COBOL: In the year 1959, a new language named the COBOL ( CO mmon B usiness O riented L anguage) was introduced remembering the business purpose application
STATEMENTS FOR SEQUENTIAL FILES: A basic operation on a file includes the reading and writing of its records. Whenever the file is sequential, there are three verbs for the
Figurative Constants: The Figurative constants have several fixed names and the compiler recognizes these names and it sets up the equivalent values in the object program.
Rules for Simple sort verb: The work file is to be defined by a sort elaboration entry (SD entry).The format of SD entry is as shown below. The rules below should be taken
program
Illustration of Multiply verb: (a) MULTIPLY A BY B. In this situation the value of A & B will be multiplied and the product will be stored in B. The decimal point locatio
simplify smple interest
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