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INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES:
In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In addition, some of the index tables are also created and maintained with the file.
An indexed file on COBOL can be accessed either sequential or randomly. Though, while creating an indexed file the records can be written only sequentially and in the ascending order of the key. Whenever an indexed file is accessed randomly, the series in which the records are accessed is controlled by the programmer by specifying the value of the data item known as record key.
The Indexed files in a COBOL program can be handled through appropriate special codes in the FILE-CONTROL paragraph and in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
Example of Redefines clause: This illustration describes a sales record that may either contain the total amount of sale or the quantity (QTY) and UNIT-PRICE. The aim of such
SUBTRACT VERB: The SUBTRACT verb is used to subtract one, or the sum of two or more numbers from one or more numbers and to store the result. The form of the SUBTRACT verb
Illustration of Divide verb: (a) DIVIDE 5 INTO A. If the value of A is 20, then after execution of this statement the value of A will be 4. The older value of A will be los
IF STATEMENT: The easiest form of the IF statement is IF condition-1 statement-1 where the condition-1 may be any one from the shown below. When the condition-1
B (Blank Insertion) : The occurrence of a B anyplace in the picture will insert a space character in the edited data. There can be more than one B in the picture. Examples:
Major difference between file and array how does record read from array and file why we are not preparing array for real time
WRITE STATEMENT: The records are written to be logical place as determined from the value of the record key. The INVALID KEY condition occurs in the cases shown below: (i)
Illustration of if- else statement: IF OK-BALANCE NEXT SENTENCE ELSE MOVE 2 BALANCE-CODE In this illustration, the OK-BALANCE is a condition name. No action is specific if
RULES OF MOVE VERB: The Data movement is managed by the rules which are as shown below: (a) The contents of the identifier - 1 or the value of the literal - 1 is moved to
DELETE STATEMENT: The format of the delete statement is as shown below: DELETE file-name RECORD [ ; INVALID KEY imperative-statement ] Whenever the ACCESS MOD
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