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INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES:
In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In addition, some of the index tables are also created and maintained with the file.
An indexed file on COBOL can be accessed either sequential or randomly. Though, while creating an indexed file the records can be written only sequentially and in the ascending order of the key. Whenever an indexed file is accessed randomly, the series in which the records are accessed is controlled by the programmer by specifying the value of the data item known as record key.
The Indexed files in a COBOL program can be handled through appropriate special codes in the FILE-CONTROL paragraph and in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
Literals: The actual values can too appear in a program. These values are termed as literals. For illustration, the statement MOVE 0 TO TOTAL indicates that the value zero wil
Example of Class condition: Let the BASIC-PAY be a data name in the card record defined with picture 9(5) V99. By reading the card we can test the value of the BASIC-PAY to ma
INDEXED TABLES: The OCCURS clause that is used to define tables can optionally have an INDEXED phrase. This phrase involves the names of data items which are to be used as sub
PROGRAM FOR IF : We have to write a program to check whether the given number is ODD or EVEN. Identification division. Program- id. Ifst. Environment division.
Second form of Divide verb: The second form of this verb is as shown below: In this situation the identifier-1 or numeric- literal-1 will be divided by identifier-2 or
Rules of read statements: The next record is identified according to the rules as shown below: (i) Whenever the READ NEXT statement is the initial statement to be executed
Numeric - Literals : The numeric literal can be created with the help of digits only. It can have a sign (+ or -) and can also have a decimal point. If no sign is specifi
COMPOUND CONDITION: The two simple conditions can be connected by the logical operators AND or OR to form a compound condition (also termed as combined condition). When two co
Minus sign - edit characters for numeric data: The minus sign can appear either at the leftmost or rightmost location of the picture. If an item is negative, a minus sign will
Group Item as Operand in the Relational Condition: Whenever an operand of a relational condition is the group item, the item is then considered to be an alphanumeric field. Th
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