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FILE-CONTROL:
The FILE-CONTROL paragraph names each and every file and identifies the first medium through file control entries. The basic format of a file control entry is given below:
SELECT [OPTIONAL] file-name ASSIGN TO hardware-name.
In common, a COBOL source program uses some files. For each of these files, there should be a FILE-CONTROL entry. This entry names the file and assigns the peripheral device that holds that specific file. The file names which appear in the SELECT clauses should be exclusive and all these files should be described in DATA DIVISION. The file name must be formed according to the rules of data names.
The word OPTIONAL may be used only for the input files. Whenever the object program is executed, the optional files do not require being present on every juncture. If the optional clause is omitted for a specific file, the file should be present during the execution of the program. If the file is missing or absent, an execution error will occur. On the other hand, if an elective file is absent, any try to open the file for reading will not result in an error. But the absent file will be measured to be an empty file that means that the file does not contain any record.
Example of Special-names: Consider the illustration: Let the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph be as shown: SPECIAL-NAMES. CHANNEL 1 IS PAGE-TOP. The Channel is related with the t
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WRITE statement: The WRITE statement for tape and sequential-disk files has the syntax shown below. WRITE record-name [ FROM identifier ] As a resu
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files: The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below: SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
Illustration of the abbreviation: A few illustration of the abbreviation are given below: Illustration: The compound condition AMOUNT GREATER THAN 499 AND AMOUNT L
FILE STATUS clause: This clause has been involved in the above syntax for completeness. The ORGANIZATION, REVERSE, ACCESS and STATUS clause can be specified in any order.
Direct Organization: Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organizati
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
Example of Nested if statement: Illustration: Consider the following sentence The nested IF sentence holds two IFs and one ELSE. The IF-ELSE couple has been marke
RENAMES CLAUSE: At times re-grouping of an elementary data items in a record may be essential so that they can belong to the original as well as to the latest group. This is o
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