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FILE-CONTROL:
The FILE-CONTROL paragraph names each and every file and identifies the first medium through file control entries. The basic format of a file control entry is given below:
SELECT [OPTIONAL] file-name ASSIGN TO hardware-name.
In common, a COBOL source program uses some files. For each of these files, there should be a FILE-CONTROL entry. This entry names the file and assigns the peripheral device that holds that specific file. The file names which appear in the SELECT clauses should be exclusive and all these files should be described in DATA DIVISION. The file name must be formed according to the rules of data names.
The word OPTIONAL may be used only for the input files. Whenever the object program is executed, the optional files do not require being present on every juncture. If the optional clause is omitted for a specific file, the file should be present during the execution of the program. If the file is missing or absent, an execution error will occur. On the other hand, if an elective file is absent, any try to open the file for reading will not result in an error. But the absent file will be measured to be an empty file that means that the file does not contain any record.
DELETE STATEMENT: The format of the delete statement is as shown below: DELETE file-name RECORD [ ; INVALID KEY imperative-statement ] Whenever the ACCESS MOD
PROGRAM FOR RENAMES CLAUSE: identification division. program- id. environment division. data division. working-storage section. 01 emp. 02 empdet.
PROGRAM FOR INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILE CREATION: We have to write a program to create an Indexed Sequential File in a dynamic mode for Student particulars. Suppose just 3 fields:
PROGRAM FOR SCREEN SECTION WITH FILES: identification division. program- id. environment division. input-output section. file-control. select
RELATIONAL CONDITION: We know that a relational condition specifies a comparison between two operands and has the form. Operand-1 relational-operator operand-2
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
SUBTRACT VERB: The SUBTRACT verb is used to subtract one, or the sum of two or more numbers from one or more numbers and to store the result. The form of the SUBTRACT verb
SEARCH VERB: The SEARCH verb is used to position elements in one-dimensional tables. Let us consider the following problem. Assume that each element of a table consists of thr
INPUT AND OUTPUT PROCEDURE IN SORT STATEMENT: The common format of the SORT statement can write as shown below: The format of the RELEASE statement is as shown be
Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression: The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below: (i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calcu
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