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Comparison of Nonnumeric Operands:
A nonnumeric operand can be compared to the other nonnumeric operand according to the rules as shown below:
(i) Fields of Equal Sizes:
The Characters in the equivalent positions are compared to determine the value of the relational condition. The Comparison begins with the leftmost character in both the fields and proceeds in a left to right side manner. If the 2 characters being compared are found to be unequal at any stage, the field containing the biggest characters is considered to be greater. When the characters are only found to be identical does the comparison proceed to the later position on the right. The 2 fields are taken to be equal only when all these pairs of characters have been found to be similar and the rightmost end has been reached.
(ii) Fields of Unequal Sizes:
If the two operands are not of equivalent size, the shorter field is considered to be extended on the right by spaces to make its size equivalent to the longer field and the rules for comparing fields of equal sizes are used.
Sign - Picture clause: The numeric data item can be signed or unsigned. If a numeric data is regarded as unsigned then during the execution these unsigned data items are treat
There are some restrictions when these procedures are used. (i) The Procedure should not contain any SORT/MERGE statement. (ii) An explicit transfer of the control outside
simplify smple interest
Data Division: The Data Division is a part of the COBOL program where every data item processed by the program is described. It is very important to note that unless a data
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PROGRAMS FOR REDEFINES CLAUSE: We have to write a simple program to explain the REDEFINES clause at 01 level. identification division. program- id. Redef. environment
Example of Class condition: Let the BASIC-PAY be a data name in the card record defined with picture 9(5) V99. By reading the card we can test the value of the BASIC-PAY to ma
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NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
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