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Assignments in pl/sqlThe Variables and constants are initialized every time a block or subprogram is entered.By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. Therefore, unless you expressly initialize the variable, its value is undefined, as the following illustration shows:DECLAREcount INTEGER;...BEGINcount := count + 1; -- assigns a null to countThe expression on the right side of the assignment operator yield NULL as count is null. To avoid the unpredicted results, never reference the variable before you assign it a value.You can use assignment statements to assign the values to a variable. For illustration, the statement below assigns a new value to the variable bonus, overwriting its older value:bonus := salary * 0.15;The expression below the assignment operator can be randomly complex, but it must yield a datatype that is similar as or convertible to the datatype of the variable.
Ensuring Backward Compatibility The PL/SQL Version 2 permits some abnormal behavior which Version 8 disallows. Particularly, Version 2 permits you to (i) Make the forw
Declaring Cursor Variables Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the exampl
Passing Cursor Parameters You use the OPEN statement to pass the parameters to a cursor. Unless you want to accept the default values, each proper parameter in the cursor decl
Raise_application_error - procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD , allows to issue an user_defined error messages by stored sub-program or database trigger.
UNION and OR - SQL SQL supports UNION explicitly but differently from the way it supports JOIN explicitly. As we have seen, JOIN is used exclusively within the FROM clause, su
Use External Routines The PL/SQL is particular for the SQL transaction processing. Therefore, several tasks are more quickly completed in a lower-level language like C that is
Second Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE TYPE SID AS VARCHAR(5) ; Explanation: TYPE SID announces that a type named SID is being defined to the system.
THEO R Y OF CATASTROPHISM OR CATALYSM (CUVIER 1769-1832) - The world has passed thorugh several stages and at the end of each stage there was a catastrophe killing all the
Write a cursor to open an employee database and fetch the employee record whose age is greater than 45
Introduction Oracle 9i - it was made public in the year 2001 with over 400 features, and graphics, it has merged the traditional business with modern internet application
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