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Assignments in pl/sqlThe Variables and constants are initialized every time a block or subprogram is entered.By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. Therefore, unless you expressly initialize the variable, its value is undefined, as the following illustration shows:DECLAREcount INTEGER;...BEGINcount := count + 1; -- assigns a null to countThe expression on the right side of the assignment operator yield NULL as count is null. To avoid the unpredicted results, never reference the variable before you assign it a value.You can use assignment statements to assign the values to a variable. For illustration, the statement below assigns a new value to the variable bonus, overwriting its older value:bonus := salary * 0.15;The expression below the assignment operator can be randomly complex, but it must yield a datatype that is similar as or convertible to the datatype of the variable.
Read-Only Operator (+) - SQL The term read-only operator to the mathematical term function. Here I just need to add that the SQL standard reserves the term function for read-
Parameter SELF in pl/sql The MEMBER methods recognize a built-in parameter named SELF that is an instance of the object type. Whether declared explicitly or implicitly, it is
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Conditionals - SQL At first sight SQL does not appear to have a single operator for expressing logical implication. In this respect it would be in common with most programming
Declarations in SQL Your program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot.
Semijoin and Composition - SQL For semijoin, the dyadic relational operator MATCHING, defined thus: r1 MATCHING r2, where r1 and r2 are relations such that r1 JOIN r2 is de
DBMS_PIPE: The Package DBMS_PIPE allows various sessions to communicate over the named pipes. (A pipe is a region of memory used by one of the process to pass information to
Projection in SQL - correct version Student StudentId is enrolled on some course. SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON In more complicated examples it is someti
Primary Key - SQL A PRIMARY KEY specification carries an implicit NOT NULL constraint on each column of the specified key. When more than one key constraint is required, the k
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
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