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Assignments in pl/sqlThe Variables and constants are initialized every time a block or subprogram is entered.By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. Therefore, unless you expressly initialize the variable, its value is undefined, as the following illustration shows:DECLAREcount INTEGER;...BEGINcount := count + 1; -- assigns a null to countThe expression on the right side of the assignment operator yield NULL as count is null. To avoid the unpredicted results, never reference the variable before you assign it a value.You can use assignment statements to assign the values to a variable. For illustration, the statement below assigns a new value to the variable bonus, overwriting its older value:bonus := salary * 0.15;The expression below the assignment operator can be randomly complex, but it must yield a datatype that is similar as or convertible to the datatype of the variable.
Using SET TRANSACTION You use the SET TRANSACTION statement to begin the read-only or read-write transaction, start an isolation level, or assign your present transaction to a
Using Aliases The Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example bel
Declaring Cursor Variables Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the exampl
Question: a) Given the following relation: Location(loc_id, bldg_code, room, capacity) The underlined field is a primary key. (i) Write a PL/SQL program using the impl
Object Types An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. Th
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
The SQL ‘CREATE TABLE' scripts for all the tables you have implemented. Note that your tables must correspond exactly to the ERD you have provided in 1. above, or you will lose ma
Forward Declarations The PL/SQL needs that you declare an identifier before using it. And hence, you should declare a subprogram before calling it. For illustration, the decla
Functions The function is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a function to calculate a value. The function has 2 sections: the specifi
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