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Assignments in pl/sqlThe Variables and constants are initialized every time a block or subprogram is entered.By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. Therefore, unless you expressly initialize the variable, its value is undefined, as the following illustration shows:DECLAREcount INTEGER;...BEGINcount := count + 1; -- assigns a null to countThe expression on the right side of the assignment operator yield NULL as count is null. To avoid the unpredicted results, never reference the variable before you assign it a value.You can use assignment statements to assign the values to a variable. For illustration, the statement below assigns a new value to the variable bonus, overwriting its older value:bonus := salary * 0.15;The expression below the assignment operator can be randomly complex, but it must yield a datatype that is similar as or convertible to the datatype of the variable.
Parameter and Keyword Description: record_type_name: This identifies the user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the records. NOT N
Creating a Table Syantax: CREATE TABLE ENROLMENT (StudentId SID, Name VARCHAR (30) NOT NULL, CourseId CID, PRIMARY KEY (StudentId, CourseId)) ; Explan
Declarations in SQL Your program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot.
Using FIRST and LAST FIRST and LAST return the first and last (minimum and maximum) index numbers in a collection. When the collection is empty, the FIRST and LAST return NULL
IN Mode An IN parameter pass the values to the subprogram being called. Within the subprogram, an IN parameter acts like a constant. And hence, it cannot be assigned a value.
GOTO Statement The GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block.
Pl/sql Conditional Control: IF statements Frequently, it is necessary to take the alternative actions depending on the circumstances. The IF statement execute a series of statem
Example of GROUP BY and COLLECT Operator Example: Using GROUP BY and COLLECT to obtain C_ER2 SELECT CourseId, CAST ( COLLECT (ROW (StudentId, Mark)) AS ROW (Studen
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
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