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Assignments in pl/sqlThe Variables and constants are initialized every time a block or subprogram is entered.By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. Therefore, unless you expressly initialize the variable, its value is undefined, as the following illustration shows:DECLAREcount INTEGER;...BEGINcount := count + 1; -- assigns a null to countThe expression on the right side of the assignment operator yield NULL as count is null. To avoid the unpredicted results, never reference the variable before you assign it a value.You can use assignment statements to assign the values to a variable. For illustration, the statement below assigns a new value to the variable bonus, overwriting its older value:bonus := salary * 0.15;The expression below the assignment operator can be randomly complex, but it must yield a datatype that is similar as or convertible to the datatype of the variable.
Cursor Attributes The Cursors and cursor variables have 4 attributes which give you helpful information about the execution of a data manipulation statement. Syntax:
UNION without CORRESPONDING - SQL The use of UNION without CORRESPONDING. Example is merely by omitting CORRESPONDING, but only because the operands have identical SELECT clau
Left and Right Joins LEFT OUTER JOIN can be used when you want to retrieve the data from the main table (table1) even if there is no match in other tables (table_2, table_3...
Using SET TRANSACTION You use the SET TRANSACTION statement to begin the read-only or read-write transaction, start an isolation level, or assign your present transaction to a
query to Find the account numbers of all customers whose balance is more than 10,000 $
Cursors To execute the multi-row query, the Oracle opens an unnamed work region which stores the processing information. The cursor names the work region, access the informa
Map and Order Methods: The values of the scalar datatype like CHAR or REAL have a predefined order that allows them to be compared. While, the instances of an object type has
Using SAVEPOINT The SAVEPOINT names and marks the present point in the processing of a transaction. Used with the ROLLBACK TO statement, the savepoints undo parts of a transac
Using DEFAULT You can use the keyword DEFAULT rather than that of the assignment operator to initialize the variables. For e.g. the declaration blood_type CHAR := ’O’; it can b
WHEN or THEN Key Constraints Suppose a table has two columns representing a period of time throughout which the information conveyed by the other columns is recorded as having
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