Reference no: EM13757280

1. When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that pleasures differ in:

purity.

quality.

species.

weight.

Question 2. What is speciesism?

The view that all animals should be treated equally regardless of their abilities

The view that endangered species have the right to exist

Allowing the interests of one's own species to override the greater interests of members of other species

Protecting endangered species from extinction regardless of economic costs

Question 3. Most definitions of honor regard it as having the following two elements:

Internal and external

Subjective and personal

Constructive and deductive

Military and civilian

None of the above

Question 4. Utilitarianism is a form of what broader kind of ethical theory?

deontological

consequentialist

trolly problematic

egoistical

Question 5. Peter Singer's "basic principles of equality" applied to animals means:

Animals should be given all the same rights as human beings.

Animals are not entitled to not all the same rights but to an equal consideration of interests.

Animals should not be given the same moral consideration because they are do not have the same power to reason as humans.

Animals do not have rights unless they can demonstrate the same abilities as humans.

Question 6. Tom Regan's view of animals is that

They are important but not quite as important as human beings

They have rights, which means that they should never be used for human purposes

They may be ethically used because they were bred and raised for that purpose

That they may be eaten because do not have souls like we do and are lower on the food chain

Question 7. Kant claims that the moral law is given to each person by:

God's commands.

one's own rational will.

one's natural desires.

social conditioning.

Question 8. According to Aristotle, happiness is:

a contented state of mind.

as much pleasure and as little pain as possible.

feeling good about oneself.

a life that is lived well.

Question 9. Kant claims that a good will is:

something that can only be called good with qualification.

the only thing that can be called good without qualification.

that which makes qualified goods like character traits morally good.

both B and C.

Question 10. In the video "Sexism in the News Media 2012" some newscasters blame military women for this

being killed in combat

being raped

not being able to have children

being war heroes

Question 11. Rachels claims that most actual cases of killing:

are morally worse than most actual cases of letting die.

are morally the same most actual cases of letting die.

are morally less bad than most actual cases of letting die.

are morally required.

Question 12. If the Ring of Gyges really existed,

Just people would use it for justice.

Just people would not use it at all.

Unjust people would use it differently than just people.

Everyone would use it the same.

Question 13. Michael Walzer argues that in the unique world of war, both morality and authority are

radically contested

established by rules of war

established by neutral states

none of the above

Question 14. What is the point of Regan's discussion about Aunt Bea and utilitarianism's respect for human life?

Utilitarianism feels that human life is paramount and not to be sacrificed under any circumstance

Utilitarianism would say that God's law that "thou shalt not kill" will have very few exceptions

Utilitarianism says that human life has not much value at all, a person can be killed for relatively minor reasons, like stealing their money

Because utilitarianism is aggregative, one individual's right to life can be overridden in order to save many other people's lives

Question 15. What is Tom Regan's main criticism of the contractarian approach to ethical duties?

It works fine for humans without problems, but it has not yet been applied to animals

It ignores the importance of pain and suffering when it comes to ethics

 

It would allow all kinds of human injustice if a stronger group is able to oppress the members of a weaker group of people

He does not criticize it; he things that contractarianism, if properly understood, represents the most rational approach to ethical problems

Question 16. Which of the following does not describe how egg-laying hens are treated in factory farms?

They are allowed to scratch through dirt and grass looking for seeds and bugs in the fresh open air.

They are kept in such tight confinement that they cannot lift their wings

They are starved into a period of ‘forced molting'

They have their beaks painfully seared off

Question 17. According to the videos, in which is it legal to commit assisted suicide?

Canada

Mexico

Germany

Switzerland

Question 18. In the video "What Is Just War Theory?" Michael Walzer argues it is important to read the essays and memoir literature of soldiers because

they make the toughest moral decisions on the battlefield

they contain critical material regarding the actual experience of war

moral arguments about war should ring true to

all of the above

Question 19. Hill claims that a fruitful way to think about the badness of destroying the environment is:

To think about what kind of human would choose to destroy the earth.

To appeal to theories about God and care for the earth.

To examine people's intuitions about whether it is right to harm the environment.

To examine the rights that belong to the environment and act on the basis of those rights.

Question 20. In Hill's example, what did the wealthy eccentric man do to his yard after he bought a new house?

cut down an avocado tree

covered the yard with asphalt

remodeled the kitchen

1 and 2

Question 21. If Glaukon is correct, then justice

is valuable in its own right.

is always more beneficial than injustice.

has value only relative to its usefulness to the individual.

has value only relative particular cultures.

Question 22. According to Nagel, to which of the following groups of people is hostility most appropriately aimed?

Innocents

Civilians

Combatants

Non-combatants

Question 23. Jeremy Waldron argues that the current use of drone warfare is unethical because

it is conducted by unlawful combatants such as CIA personnel who are not subject to military ethics

it is conducted by individuals who are thousands of miles removed from targets

it may result in unintended civilian casualties

all of the above

Question 24. Which answer best describes Noddings's statements about how mothers frequently to feel about losing their children in war?

Mothers rest assured that the deaths of their children was fully justified by the good they did in the war

Mothers often allow their desire to demonstrate patriotism to override their natural opposition to war and the death of their children

Mothers universally oppose war and the death of children that it inevitably brings

Mothers are generally more enthusiastic for war than anyone else because they know it will make the world safer for future generations

Question 25. Midgley analyzes the position that each society is a separate culture with its own values. This position is known as

Moral relativism

Moral isolationism

Moral structuralism

Moral voluntarism

Question 26. Hill refers to the ability to understand oneself, to face oneself, and to be honest about the kind of creature one is by this term:

Self-love

Humility

Self-acceptance

Relational harmony

Question 27. Robinson describes integrity as a virtue that has the

Excess such as arrogance and deficiencies such as weakness of will

Excess such as generosity and deficiencies such as weakness of will

Excess such as arrogance and deficiencies such as weakness of pleasure

Excess such as generosity and deficiencies such as weakness of pleasure

None of the above

Question 28. Robinson suggests that the more closely one associates with one's identity with a certain group, the more one will

Associate one's honor with defying the honor of the group

Associate one's honor with that of the group

Associate one's honor with that of the enemy group

Associate one's honor with the honor of prudence

None of the above

Question 29. In 2003, how many people died in Canada, according to the video "Dying for Care: Quality Palliative and End of Life Care in Canada"?

350,000

2.2 million

750,000

226,000

Question 30. If Midgley is correct, moral scepticism

Leads to inaction.

Leads to crude opinions.

Leads to immorality.

Rejects all criticism.

Question 31. Glaukon thinks that deep in our hearts we all believe that

Injustice is more profitable than justice.

We will have a clearer conscience if we always stick to the laws of justice.

To be unjust is to be a fool.

Both B and C.

Question 32. In Gilligan's example, the child named Amy focuses on this aspect of the Heinz dilemma

the logical nature of the problem

a utilitarian calculus that weighs the options

Kohlberg's theory of moral development

the relationships involved in the dilemma

Question 33. This is the name of the female goddess to which young girls are dedicated and then forced into prostitution in India

Vishnu

Krishna

Lakshmi

Yellamma

Question 34. According to Midgley, moral isolationism

Is a "perverse indulgence of the self-righteous."

Is based on skeptical diagnosis.

Stems from concerns about hypocrisy.

Justifies immorality.

Question 35. According to Kant, suicide is:

Moral if and only if one's life becomes too burdensome.

Moral if and only if it relieves other people's burdens.

Immoral because it involves treating one's autonomous will merely as a means to the relief of suffering.

Immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation.

Question 36. Tom Regan discusses the concept of indirect duties. Having only indirect duties towards animals means

That we have a duty not to harm animals but only because of the harm it might do to humans

That we have no duties regarding animals whatsoever

That our duties towards animals are equal to our duties towards humans

That we actually have greater duties to animals than to humans

Question 37. Aristotle states that if we ask what the highest good of human action is:

there is no agreement about the answer.

most people agree that it is pleasure.

nearly everyone agrees that it is happiness.

there is no objective answer to this question.

Question 38. According to Kant, persons:

are rational beings.

must always be regarded as an end.

have absolute value.

all of the above.

Question 39. The conventional doctrine is endorsed by:

Rachels.

the American Medical Association.

both a and b.

neither a nor b.

Question 40. Jeremy Waldron argues that drone warfare is neither ethical or effective because it

threatens a world of death lists and death squads

promotes the growth of terrorism

inhibits the development of counter-terrorism strategies

all of the above

Question 41. According to Robinson, a person who has integrity is someone who:

Does what is right, only if it is approved of by others

Does what is right, even when it is disapproved of by others

Does what is right, only when commanded to do so

Does what is right, unless they are commanded to do otherwise

None of the above

Question 42. What does Tom Regan say about the cruelty/kindness approach to animal ethics?

The best way to explain animal ethics is in terms of our obligation to be kind and not cruel to animals

It is inadequate because it is possible to do wrong while being kind, and it is possible to do wrong without being deliberately cruel

It has no relevance to animal ethics because animals are cruel to each other

You have to be cruel to be kind, in the right measure

Question 43. According to Rachels, the "conventional doctrine" maintains that:

active euthanasia is sometimes permissible, but passive euthanasia never is.

passive euthanasia is sometimes permissible, but active euthanasia never is.

both active and passive euthanasia are sometimes permissible.

neither active nor passive euthanasia are ever permissible.

Question 44. Which of the following does Peter Singer assert about the principle of equality?

People should have equal rights because they are factually equal.

People with higher abilities, it stands to reason, should have greater rights.

Different groups of humans should have equal rights if scientific investigation proves that there are no genetic differences in their abilities.

It is a prescription that we should treat people equally regardless of their differing abilities.

Question 45. Kass argues that there is an important difference between withdrawing treatment and active, direct mercy killing, and this difference lies in the

primary intention of the doctor.

ultimate outcome of the actions.

Constitution of the United States.

sympathy that we feel for the patient's suffering.

Question 46. Hill uses this technique in the middle of the article to examine ideas about the human's place within nature:

He presents specific factual examples that demonstrate harm to the environment.

He presents a fictional example of a perfect island.

He asks the reader to imagine a specific world that contained inherent worth.

He creates a dialogue between an environmentalist and anti-environmentalist.

Question 47. Which of the following does not describe the ways that chickens and turkeys are treated on factory farms, according to the

video "Meet Your Meat"

They are raised in their own excrement among corpses of other birds

Some are so crippled from unnatural growth that they are unable to move

They are given ample space to roam and to express their own natural behavior.

They are often beaten with metal rods, which is considered legal by the industry

Question 48. In the video "What is Just War Theory?" Michael Walzer states that a core idea of Just War Theory

requires us to imagine the rules of war as they would apply to a peaceful, civil society

requires us to judge the conduct of a war independently of the character of the war

requires us to imagine that a war is like a bank robbery, and that the just warrior defending his country has rights the unjust warrior invading his country does not have

none of the above

Question 49. Aristotle describes each virtue as:

a maximum.

a minimum

a relative mean.

an absolute mean.

Question 50. Robinson describes magnanimity and integrity as both primarily concerned with what?

Honor

Wealth

Courage

Generosity