Reference no: EM133984064
Questions
1. Cells in the proximal tubules of the kidney are particularly susceptible to toxicity because they:
a. Are exposed to high blood pressure
b. Express albumin
c. Are highly energy dependent
d. Are in a low pH environment
e. A, B, and C
f. all of the above
2. Which of the following is TRUE about adipose tissue. Select the TWO that apply.
a. BMI is an accurate indicator of the site of adipose tissue.
b. People with high amounts of adipose tissue are all metabolically unhealthy
c. People with dysfunctional adipose tissue and people without adipose tissue develop the same metabolic characteristics
d. Tributyltin, phthalates, and xenoestrogens can all increase adipose accumulation
e. Accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue contributes to metabolic disease
3. All regions of the liver are equally susceptible to toxicity
True
False
4. Alkylphenols...
a. Were found in industrial effluent that was causing endocrine disruption in fish (i.e. fish with male and female characteristics).
b. Are now used to treat leprosy patients.
c. Greatly affect the development of the fetal brain.
d. Exposure can result in endocrine disruption across multiple generations.
e. Interfere with androgen receptor function.
5. Anticholinesterase agents such as organophosphate pesticides:
a. Increase concentrations of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
b. Cause decreased nervous system stimulation.
c. Antagonize acetylcholinesterase receptors.
d. Only target the synapses between neurons and muscle cells
e. Enhance the activity of acetylcholinesterase.
6. The brain is female by default and must be "imprinted male" by exposure to testosterone at critical periods, which can disrupted by toxicants.
True
False
7. Information that is necessary to calculare a reference dose include which of the following.
a. Knowledge of uncertainty factors
b. All of the above
c. data on daily exposure levels that result in toxicity
d. a quantal dose response
e. NOAEL or LOEAL
f. B, C, D, E
g. A point of departure
8. Which of the following are consistent with endocrine disruption as a mechanism of action? Select as many as apply.
a. Induction of fat cell formation through activation of PPARγ by TBT.
b. Androgen receptor antagonism by vinclozolin.
c. Reduction in breast cancer incidence by TCDD through activation of the AhR.
d. Reduction in iodine import into the thyroid gland by perchlorate.
e. Increase in uterine weight by DTT through activation of estrogen receptor.
f. B, C, D, E
g. All of the above
9. For which of the following reproductive toxicants is the parent molecule the ultimate toxicant?
a. Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
b. Aflatoxin
c. Perfluorooctanoic acid
d. Bisphenol A
e. None of the above.
f. All of the above.
10. Which of the following is NOT true with regard to dioxin (TCDD)?
a. It bioaccumulates in adipose.
b. It was never intentionally produced.
c. It was used to poison Victor Yushchenko.
d. it is not readily biotransformed.
e. It will cause cleft palate in humans at a lower relative dose (mg/kg) than C57BL6/J mice.