Potentially increase bone mineral density

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Reference no: EM133934478

Question

1. In the RANK-RANKL interaction, which cell presents the RANKL portion of the interaction?

A. Mature osteoclast

B. Osteoblast/osteochondral progenitor cell

C. Mature osteoblast

2. Which of the following could potentially increase bone mineral density?

A. Daily dose of thiazides

B. Intermittent doses of recombinant PTH

C. Lower daily sodium intake

D. None of the above

E. All of the above

3. You have found that your 43-year-old patient has a T score of -1.0. The blood and urine tests reveal abnormally low levels of Ca++, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D. The unmineralized portion of this patients bone is also diminished in quantity and quality and the patient does not complain of bone or muscle pain. What would be the MOST likely diagnosis?

A. Rickets

B. Osteopenia

C. Osteomalacia

4. Which of the following treatments for osteoporosis is involved in acting as an OPG decoy?

A. Denosumab (Prolia)

B. Teriparatide (Forteo)

C. Raloxifene (Evista)

5. Your 52-year-old male patient who previously came in for a severe viral infection has come back and is now presenting excessive kyphosis and slight bowing of the tibia. He is very warm to the touch, but with no fever. Possible diagnosis?

A. Coxa valga

B. Rickets

C. Paget's disease

6. A patient has a loss of articular cartilage between the femur and tibia. The adjoining bones have eburnation and osteophyte formation is evident. What was the order of events that led up to this situation?

A. Chondrocyte injury, cytokine release, loss of smooth cartilage, protease release, bone destruction, then osteophyte formation.

B. Chondrocyte injury, bone destruction, loss of smooth cartilage, protease release, cytokine release, then osteophyte formation.

C. Chondrocyte injury, cytokine release, protease release, loss of smooth cartilage, bone destruction, then osteophyte formation.

7. When it comes to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), choose the TRUE statement(s).

A. RA is an autoimmune condition

B. A pannus bridge formation is a common complication

C. It is common for RA to be found only on one side of the body

D. This disease is usually least painful in the morning

E. 2 of the above

F. All of the above

8. When it comes to osteoarthritis, choose the true statement(s).

A. OA is caused by an autoimmune disorder

B. A pannus bridge formation is a common complication

C. Subchondral cysts are a common sign

D. This disease is often less painful in the morning

E. 2 of the above

F. 3 of the above

9. A 63-year-old has suffered from osteoarthritis for 6 years now. During testing, you notice that his knee has increased cartilage destruction, with fragmentation into the joint fluid and space. Not only this, but his cartilage has been so destroyed that the bony end of his bones are rubbing together. You can tell him that he is experiencing what two conditions as a result of his osteoarthritis?

A. Pannus bridge, fibrillations

B. Eburnation, tophi

C. Fibrillations, eburnation

10. Uric acid is more likely to precipitate in the joints because?

A. Synovial fluid is a poor solvent for uric acid

B. The hot temperature in the joints causes precipitation

C. Leukocytes trap the uric acid in the joints

11. A 56-year-old male patient is complaining of unilateral knee joint pain and is convinced that they have rheumatoid arthritis, though they don't have an official diagnosis. You feel the joint and note the joint is cool in temperature. You ask about the events leading up to this flare up and the patient reports that they were recently playing basketball. What do you think is MOST likely out of the following?

A. A gout attack

B. Osteoarthritis

12. Which of the below are functions of Vitamin D?

A. Intestinal absorption of calcium

B. Facilitates bone breakdown

13. Who is MOST likely to get Rickets?

A. A 10-year-old female who lives in America

B. A 40-year-old male who smokes

C. A 20-year-old female who does not have a monthly period

14. Thiazide diuretics promote the reabsorption of Ca++ from the kidneys by way of?

A. Blocking the Na+/Cl- antiporter on the apical surface of the DCT cells

B. Blocking the Na+/Ca++ symporter on the apical surface of the DCT cells

C. Blocking the Na+/Cl- symporter on the apical surface of the DCT cells

15. A classic sign of osteoporosis is Dowager's hump. How does this form?

A. An anterior wedging compression fracture of the vertebral column

B. The vertebrae shrink in size, causing the muscles to pull forward on the spine

Reference no: EM133934478

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