How accurate is ultrasonography in detecting renal calculi

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Reference no: EM133855105

Assignment:

A 65-year-old woman was getting groceries with her friend when she slipped on ice, hit her head and lost consciousness. An ambulance was called, and she was rushed to the hospital. The patient lost consciousness for one hour and remained in an altered state of consciousness for 24 hours. Diagnostic imaging confirmed right-sided focal subdural haematoma. Her Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) score upon arrival was 9 (E5; M2; V2) and she presented as a level III on the Ranchos Los Amigos Scale. The severity of her TBI was classified as 'moderate'.

1. How accurate is ultrasonography in detecting renal calculi?

2. Please explain the most effective way to manage a case of intrauterine fetal unilateral hydronephrosis in the 32nd week of pregnancy.

3. In renal failure, why does oedema first occur in the periorbital area and nowhere else?

4. How does sodium valproate decrease serum urea concentration and GI bleed increases it?

5. 1. What clinical information can be obtained by checking the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level that cannot be obtained by checking the blood urea and serum creatinine alone?

2. What is the signifying difference between blood urea and BUN?

6. 1. Does uraemia cause dysentery with blood and mucus mixed with the stools?

2. Is it correct to use the term 'uraemic dysentery'?

3. Does uraemia cause finger clubbing?

7. What are the causes of a low serum creatinine?

8. Why does oliguria occur in the early stages of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

9. Is renal impairment induced by lithium therapy in bipolar affective disorders irreversible? How often does it occur?

10. Can you please explain why a patient with chronic renal failure (CRF) might present with either oliguria or polyuria?

Reference no: EM133855105

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