Reference no: EM134040584

Question

For each of the descriptions below, identify the one study design that fits. Choose only one study design per description from this list: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, retrospective cohort or prospective cohort.

1. Mortality rates from 1986 for 41 countries are compared with national tomato supply values for 1985 to determine the relationship between average per capita tomato consumption and death due to prostate cancer.

2. Data were obtained from 4,763 American Indians and Alaska Natives aged 45 and older to determine the prevalence of functional limitations in walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting or carrying.

3. Incidence rates of early stage prostate cancer in the United States were compared in every consecutive year from 2005 through 2012. It was discovered that incidence rates had decreased along with PSA testing, following the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against PSA screening for average risk older men.

4. The percentages of children between 10 and 14 who were working (prevalence of child labor) in 83 countries were correlated with the adolescent morality rates in those countries. The countries with the highest prevalence of child labor were also those with the highest adolescent mortality rates.

5. Parents of 863 one month old Australian children were interviewed about the infant's sleeping environment. When these families were interviewed again 7 years later, it was found that those infants who had used synthetic bedding items at one month of age were more likely to develop asthma by the time they were seven years old, compared to those whose bedding items were completely made of natural materials.

6. You would like to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of delivering health services through your clinic. After selecting a 10% sample of all patient visits during the past six months, you are able to characterize the patient population utilizing your clinic in terms of age, race, sex, method of referral, diagnostic category, therapy provided, method of payment, daily patient load, and clinic staff work schedules.