Reference no: EM132300089
Multiple Choice Questions -
QUESTION 1 - The main purpose of the Solomon four-group design is to determine the presence of:
experimenter bias.
an aptitude-treatment interaction.
an attribute-treatment interaction.
pretest sensitization.
QUESTION 2 - An experiment is internally valid to the extent to which it:
yields findings that are generalizable to a defined population.
uses valid measurement instruments.
controls for extraneous variables.
all of the above.
QUESTION 3 - Because of the need for repeated measurements in single-case designs, it is important to:
obtain measurements of behavioral products rather than behavior.
standardize the measurement procedure.
discontinue treatment as soon as improvement occurs.
keep baseline observations to a ratio of 1 for every 5 intervention observations.
QUESTION 4 - The statistical procedure that typically is used to analyze data from an experiment that employs a nonequivalent control-group design is:
analysis of variance.
analysis of covariance.
a t test for independent means.
a t test for correlated means.
QUESTION 5 - In the Hawthorne effect, individuals who participate in an experiment improve their performance because:
they are aware that they are participating in an experiment.
the experimental treatment leads to greater learning.
they like the experimenter.
the posttest is easier than the pretest.
QUESTION 6 - A 3 X 2 factorial design means that there are:
two factors, three of which are manipulated.
three levels of one factor and two levels of another factor.
six factors.
three interactions.
QUESTION 7 - Population and ecological validity are factors that affect:
external validity.
internal validity.
statistical regression.
differential selection.
QUESTION 8 - The one-group pretest-posttest design is best used when:
the characteristic that constitutes the dependent variable is relatively stable.
the experimental treatment extends over a relatively long period.
history may function as an extraneous variable.
the control group has not been randomly selected.
QUESTION 9 - Which of the following experimental designs has the best internal validity?
The one-group pretest-posttest design.
The pretest-posttest control-group design.
The time series design.
The one-shot case study.
QUESTION 10 - An appropriate technique for determining the statistical significance of pretest-posttest change in experiments is:
analysis of variance for repeated measures.
the t test for independent means.
the t test for correlated means.
a Mann-Whitney U test.
QUESTION 11 - A static-group comparison experiment:
involves only a single group of research participants, all of whom receive the same treatment.
requires that the research participants remain in the same location during the entire experiment, so as to avoid threats to the experiment's internal validity.
involves a treatment and control group, but only the treatment group is given the posttest.
involves a treatment and control group, but of which are given a posttest, but no pretest.
QUESTION 12 - What is the preferred statistical technique for analyzing the data from an experiment that employs a posttest-only control-group design?
a t test comparing the posttest means of the experimental and control groups.
multiple regression.
analysis of covariance.
the correlation ratio.
QUESTION 13 - Experiments can vary in the:
number of independent variables.
number of research participants in each treatment or control group.
treatment and control conditions that each research participant is assigned.
all of the above.
QUESTION 14 - The external validity of an experiment refers to whether:
practitioners view its findings as credible.
the experiment's findings generalize to individuals and settings beyond those that were studied.
an independent review board approves the experiment's design and statistical procedures.
the posttest measures used in the experiment have good construct validity.
QUESTION 15 - In a pretest/post test design, when a pretest is administered the participants may become "test-wise." This threat to internal validity is called?
Instrumentation
Testing
Pretest sensitization
Multiple-treatment interface
QUESTION 16 - The main threat to the external validity of the pretest-posttest control-group design is the:
Hawthorne effect.
interaction between history and the experimental treatment.
interaction between time of measurement and the experimental treatment.
interaction between the pretest and the experimental treatment.
QUESTION 17 - The major threat to the external validity of single-case experiments is:
the use of one or a few cases in most single-case experiments as a basis for generalizing to a population.
the small number of observations during the course of a typical single-case experiment.
the focus on observing behavior rather than the research participant's cognitions during the course of most single-case experiments.
the use of a withdrawal procedure rather than a reversal procedure in the second baseline of most single-case experiments.
QUESTION 18 - Of the following experimental designs, the one that is weakest in internal validity is the:
one-group pretest-posttest design.
posttest-only control-group design.
pretest-posttest control-group design.
time-series design.
QUESTION 19 - Intact groups often pose a problem when designing experiments because:
intact groups cannot be randomly selected from a defined population.
intact groups cannot be assigned to control treatments.
administrators are usually concerned that experiments may weaken the groups' cohesiveness.
individuals within an intact group cannot be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups.
QUESTION 20 - The main threat to the internal validity of a static-group comparison experiment is that:
research participants may be sensitized to the experimental treatment by the pretest.
this design does not include a control group.
posttest differences between groups may be due to preexisting group differences rather than to the
experimental treatment.
the experimental treatment may diffuse to the control group.