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A multiple-effect evaporator is to be used for evaporating 400,000 lb of water per day from a salt solution. The total initial cost for the first effect is $18,000, and each additional effect costs $15,000. The life period is estimated to be 10 years, and the salvage or scrap value at the end of the life period may be assumed to be zero. The straight-line depreciation method is used. Fixed charges minus depreciation are 15 percent yearly based on the first cost of the equipment. Steam costs $1.50 per 1000 lb. Annual maintenance charges are 5 percent of the initial equipment cost. All other costs are independent of the number of effects. The unit will operate 300 days per year. If the pounds of water evaporated per pound of steam equals 0.85 x number of effects, determine the optimum number of effects for minimum annual cost.
Determine the maximum layer of the hydrogel membrane that would result in an oxygen concentration of at least 1.104 mol/mL everywhere in the capsule.
The process used in the manufacture of aniline from nitrobenzene is described in Appendix F, Design Problem F.8, which is available in the online material at booksite.Elsevier.com/Towler. The process involves six significant stages:
Write an equation for the combustion of PVC in oxygen. Suggest a reason why its incineration poses a serious risk during a fire.
(a) Describe the provisions of Occupational Safety and Health Act 2005 with regard to ‘Substances hazardous to health' (b) Describe four types of hazard which arise from the use of chemicals
Describe the major technical areas involved in engineering a new biomaterial such as a contact lens. Are there differences with other biomaterial based products?
Calculate the internal energy change for each of the following. a. One hundred (100.) joules of work are required to compress a gas. At the same time, the gas releases 23 J of heat
In terms of heat treatment and the development of microstructure, what are two major limitations of the iron-iron carbide phase diagram?
The partition that divides the cylinder is removed and the contents are allowed to reach equilibrium without heat losses to the surroundings. Determine the pressure and temperature in the final state assuming steam to be an ideal-gas. Is ideality..
A human being (75 kg ) consumes about 6000 Kj of food per day. Assume that the food is all glucose and that overall reaction is- C6H12O6 +6O2 ------à 6CO2 +6H20 , Δ H= -2816 KJ
If 2.00 MNaOH is available, how would the student prepare the solution? To help insure three significant figures in the NaOH molarity, to how many significant figures should the volumes and mass be determined?
A chord subtends an angle of 68° at the centre of a circle of radius 200mm. Find the length of the chord.
Calculate the energy required to heat 1kg of CO 2 from 400ºC to 600ºC at a constant pressure of 1atm using:-
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