Reference no: EM133875384

Question

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by the gradual and often irreversible loss of kidney function over months or years. Unlike acute kidney injury (AKI), CKD develops due to long-term damage often caused by diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. As nephrons are lost progressively, the remaining nephrons undergo compensatory hypertrophy and experience increased glomerular pressure, which eventually leads to more damage over time. Laboratory findings in CKD also reveal azotemia, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte disorders such as hyperkalemia, and altered calcium and phosphate metabolism. Proteinuria, indicative of ongoing protein loss, contributes to nutritional deficiencies and disease progression. Management The management of kidney diseases varies significantly between AKI and CKD, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. For AKI, prompt resolution of the underlying cause is crucial to prevent permanent damage, whereas CKD requires long-term management strategies to slow progression and manage complications. Patient Education: Patients should be educated on recognizing early symptoms of AKI, such as reduced urine output and swelling. They should be advised to maintain adequate hydration, avoid nephrotoxic medications, and seek prompt medical attention if symptoms arise. Education for CKD patients involves life.