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Loop LabelsLike the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP statement, as shown:<>LOOPsequence_of_statementsEND LOOP;Optionally, the label name can also come out at the end of the LOOP statement, as the illustration below shows:<>LOOP...END LOOP my_loop;If you nest labeled loops, you can use the ending label names to improve the readability. With either form of the EXIT statement, you cannot complete only the current loop, but also any of the enclosing loops. Merely, label the enclosing loop that you want to done. Then, use the label in an EXIT statement, as shown:<>LOOP...LOOP...EXIT outer WHEN ... -- exit both loopsEND LOOP;...END LOOP outer;
Nested Tables versus Index-by Tables The Index-by tables and nested tables are just similar. For e.g. They have similar structure and their individual elements are accessed in
SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
Manipulating Individual Elements Faraway you have manipulated an entire collection. Within the SQL, to manipulate the individual elements of the collection, and then use the ope
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
Adding Table Constraints ALTER TABLE ENROLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT NameNotNull CHECK (Name IS NOT NULL) ; ALTER TABLE ENROLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT PK_StudentId_CourseId PRIM
Extension and AND in SQL The theory book gives the following simple example of relational extension in Tutorial D: EXTEND IS_CALLED ADD ( FirstLetter ( Name ) AS Initial )
Inserting Objects: You can use the INSERT statement to add objects to an object table. In the illustration below, you insert a Person object into the object table persons:
Synonyms You can create the synonyms to provide location transparency for the remote schema objects like tables, views, sequences, stand-alone subprograms, and packages. Though,
Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is known as an exception. The Exceptions can be internally defined (by the run-time system) or user defined. The
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